Impact of Emotion in the Workplace-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss about the Centralization and decentralization and Its focal points and Disadvantages to the Organization. 2.Discuss about the Impact of Positive and Negative feeling in the work environment. 3.Discuss about the Importace of Communication in an Organization. Answers: 1.Centralization and decentralization are one of the key components of hierarchical structure being followed in the business associations. Centralization and decentralization alludes to two inverse methodologies of the authoritative structure (Schmitt et al. 2015). Centralization alludes to the framework, where various leveled structure is being kept up through and through of the authoritative inward partners. Besides, the correspondence approach of this structure is principally top down. This is because of the explanation that, on account of the unified structure, the top level supervisors takes the significant choices and is being trailed by the subordinates. One the other hand, decentralized methodology alludes to the framework where chain of importance among the inner partners isn't being kept up. Dynamic procedure includes the suppositions and recommendations of the subordinates additionally (Lunenburg 2012). Diverse administrative levels are being kept up in this methodology, which are having more impact and force in the hierarchical procedure. Focal points of centralization Legitimate correspondence of the authoritative crucial vision to the representatives. This is because of the explanation that, for this situation, subordinates will undoubtedly follow to their bosses. In this manner, in the hour of any hierarchical disturbance, directors will have more control in coordinating the workers. Hindrances of centralization Correspondence is just top down and uneven. In this manner, the assessments of the workers are not being imparted to the bosses, which may present issues in the representative commitment. Preferences of decentralization More connection between the bosses and subordinates. Consequently, the representatives will be progressively persuaded and occupied with their work environment. Besides, the administrative levels will have better comprehension of the prerequisite of the representatives. Impediments of decentralization Absence of heading of the chiefs over their subordinates. Also, dynamic procedure will confront trouble because of the age of various perspectives from all the inside partners. 2.Emotion alludes to the joy and disappointment of a person towards a specific occasion. Feelings are being produced as the results or result of any occasions (Zaki and Williams 2013). On account of the business associations, feelings of the workers are essential to decide because of the explanation that, it decides their degree of inspiration and commitment in the association. Feeling is of two kinds, to be specific positive and negative. Positive feelings allude to the wonder, which persuades the people to respond emphatically. Then again, negative feeling alludes to the wonder, which incites the people to respond adversely towards specific occasions. Effect of positive feeling in the working environment Energy is a positive feeling, which can be valuable for the association. This is because of the explanation that, the greater fervor will be have with the representatives in the work environment, the more intrigued and drew in will be the representatives to perform. Commencement of energy among the representatives will assist with decreasing the repetitiveness of them in their work environment alongside upgrading the degree of inspiration (Laschinger et al. 2014). Energized workers will be available to new thoughts and approaches and will consistently be keen on inventive reasoning. Effect of negative feeling in the work environment Dread is one of the key negative feelings for the representatives in their work environment. This will likewise act danger for the association like an entirety. This is because of the explanation that, if the representatives are in dread about something, for example, dread of end or dread of authoritative weight, at that point it will diminish the profitability of the workers (Lerner et al. 2012). In the event that the representatives are in the consistent dread of end, at that point they won't take part in creative reasoning, rather they will just observe the principles in their working environment. In this manner the age of the imaginative thoughts among the workers will be influenced and the authoritative profitability will get diminished. 3.Communication is one of the key qualities of a powerful group. Correspondence alludes to the assurance of the prerequisite and assessment of others alongside passing on the assessments of own. It is one of the key components of collaboration because of the explanation that, correspondence process in the group helps in upgrading the relationship among the colleagues (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Besides, with the assistance of the viable correspondence process, group pioneer will have the thought regarding the necessity and desire for the colleagues alongside assurance of the individual supposition and recommendation of the individuals. Then again compelling correspondence procedure will help the colleagues to have the comprehension of what the group chief is anticipating from them. Likewise, the vision of the pioneer will be adequately passed on to the individuals just with the assistance of the correspondence procedure (Rajhans 2012). The key thought process of collaboration is to altogether accomplish the pre-decided destinations. Accordingly, viable correspondence procedure will assist with improving the cooperation among the colleagues. The more successful will be the correspondence procedure among the colleagues, the more common comprehension and collaboration will be there among the colleagues. Powerful correspondence is likewise significant for starting better work space because of the explanation that, in the work environment additionally, network between the inward partners is significant. It is significant for the administrators to decide the necessity and complaints of their subordinates so as to adequately drive their efficiency. Along these lines, with the assistance of the viable correspondence process, they will have the option to decide the necessity and complaints of the representatives (Hebdon and Noh 2013). Then again, workers will be increasingly persuaded in the event that they have compelling correspondence procedure to pass on their complaints and get explained as needs be. Besides, with the assistance of the correspondence procedure, they will have the option to have the reasonable thought regarding their jobs in the association. References Hebdon, R. what's more, Noh, S.C., 2013. A hypothesis of work environment struggle improvement: from complaints to strikes.New structures and articulations of contention at work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.26-47. Laschinger, H.K.S., Wong, C.A., Cummings, G.G. furthermore, Grau, A.L., 2014. Resounding initiative and working environment strengthening: The estimation of positive authoritative societies in decreasing working environment incivility.Nursing Economics,32(1), p.5. Lerner, D., Adler, D., Hermann, R.C., Chang, H., Ludman, E.J., Greenhill, A., Perch, K., McPeck, W.C. also, Rogers, W.H., 2012. Effect of a work-concentrated mediation on the profitability and manifestations of representatives with depression.Journal of word related and ecological medicine,54(2), p.128. Lunenburg, F.C., 2012. Authoritative structure: Mintzbergs framework.International diary of insightful, scholarly, savvy diversity,14(1), pp.1-8. Rajhans, K., 2012. Viable authoritative correspondence: A key to representative inspiration and performance.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.81-85. Schmitt, A.J., Sun, S.A., Snyder, L.V. also, Shen, Z.J.M., 2015. Centralization versus decentralization: Risk pooling, chance broadening, and flexibly chain disruptions.Omega,52, pp.201-212. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of authoritative correspondence. Pearson. Zaki, J. also, Williams, W.C., 2013. Relational feeling regulation.Emotion,13(5), p.803.

Southern Sudan Referendum

Chapter by chapter list Introduction The Referendum Process Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Southern Sudan is as of now leading a choice and the democratic exercise has been booked to run from January fifth to fifteenth 2011. The submission is being directed after an accord between the North and the South on the modalities of intensity sharing between the two squares had been set (The Kansas City Star).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Southern Sudan Referendum explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The out happen to the choice will decide if the Southern Sudan residents will pick up their autonomy, that they have battled for throughout the most recent couple of decades, or keep being a piece of Sudan (The Kansas City Star). The activity has pulled in an extraordinary global consideration described by a high nearness of universal representatives and columnists who are definitely watching the procedure. The Referendum Process The Southern Sudanes e residents have shown an incredible feeling of patriotism since the start of the removing exercise by turning in enormous numbers to cast a ballot in different surveying communities (The Kansas City Star). The surveying places have additionally been stretched out to neighboring nations like Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda among different districts which have a significant number of Sudan residents. This is intended to give the Southern Sudan residents in these nations an opportunity to take part in the activity. As per the Kansas City news paper report on Sudan submission, the Sudan government and its gathering are prepared to assent the result of the choice. This remark was made by Ibrahim Ghandour and it has decreased the theory that the legislature would most likely repudiate the consequences of the choice (The Kansas City Star). Then again, Omar al-Bashir who is the present leader of Sudan has anyway had blended responses about the procedure saying that it would potentially bargain harmony between the Northern and Southern Sudan areas. By the by, he has guaranteed that as long as the entire procedure is led decently the Southern Sudan square will be liberated to be self-sufficient (The Kansas City Star). Despite the fact that the choice is being done in different pieces of Southern Sudan, the fervently challenged Abeyi district which is prominently known for having rich stores of oil â€Å"the dark gold† has really been forgotten about in the submission race because of uncertain private and outline debates (The Kansas City Star). The Abeyi locale was to have an equal submission simultaneously to decide whether it ought to be a piece of the South or the North. In any case, this has been racked until the referenced debates are approved. Instances of raising viciousness have been as of late detailed in this area inferable from the present high political temperature in the locale (Garang). It has likewise been accounted for that Northern volunteer army bunc hes have been lynching the southerners along the outskirt of Khartoum (Garang).Advertising Looking for article on correspondences media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The US government has promised to give the present Sudan government which works from Khartoum wonderful motivating forces should it acknowledge the result of the procedure (Garang). The news paper report has additionally uncovered that near 2,000,000 lives have been guaranteed since the start of the contention between the North and the South which has now gone on for well more than two decades. On the off chance that Southern Sudan picks up autonomy, it will bring under its influence a huge domain with rich oil stores and this can best clarify why the Northerners have consistently been hesitant to isolate from the Southerners (The Kansas City Star). The expulsion of Sudan from the record of nations that subsidize fear mongers and renegades is probably going to begin once they acknowledge the result of the submission. End Until the conclusive outcomes of the choice will have been discharged in a couple of days to come, one can't offer definitive comment that the Southerners have picked up their autonomy. Notwithstanding, attributable to the present circumstance on the ground combined with positive media reports about the entire procedure it is clear that the result will be acceptable. Hence the Southerners are probably going to pick up the autonomy they have consistently yearned for. The Southern Sudan residents have likewise visualized better open doors should they gain autonomy (The Kansas City Star). Works Cited Garang, Joseph. â€Å"Sudan minister talks about submission, universal partnerships†. Anglican Journal.com. 06 Jan. 2011. Web. The Kansas City Star. â€Å"Sudan: administering party prepared for south’s independence†. The Kansas City Star. 14 Jan. 2011. Web. This article on Southern Sudan Referendum was composed and presented by client Isiah D. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Overcoming Self-Doubt

Overcoming Self-Doubt There used to be this side of me that questioned every action I took, every word I spoke, every thought I had. I believed everything that occurred inâ€"and aroundâ€"my life was because of my actions, especially when it came to how other people felt about me. I thought I was in total control of other people’s emotionsâ€"my words and actions determined if they were happy, sad, angry, or discontent. I eventually realized I was not in control of how others feltâ€"not 100% in control, anyway. But how could I tell the difference between when I did and I didn’t have control over how others felt toward me? Let’s examine two extreme examples. Imagine I meet someone and give him a hug. This expression of kindness and love typically translates to just that: kindness and love. Now imagine I meet someone else and say, “Man, those skinny jeans make your butt look big.”  I wouldn’t ever say that, but this action translates, without a doubt, into something completely different. Let’s assume in the latter example my intentions were somehow good: perhaps I was attempting, inarticulately, to tell the person those jeans were simply not flattering. Irrespective of my intentions with either action, each one will draw a different response. The trouble I run into is when my actions are filled with good intentions, but the person interprets my actions in a different way. When this happens, I often sit and ask self-loathing, degrading questionsâ€"What did I do wrong? How did they misunderstand me? Why am I such a moron?â€"and I blame myself for being misunderstood. Here’s where I really confuse myself: sometimes I lay in bed at night recounting my day, and I suddenly recognize I could have approached a situation differently. Other times, I lay in bed and realize I couldn’t have possibly been any clearer, kinder, or more considerate, which leads to even more negative self-talk: People just don’t understand you. You’re weird and people don’t get you no matter how hard you try. If you acted differently, maybe that person would like you. We all care about how others view usâ€"sometimes too much. It used to be one of the only things that mattered to me, but I have been able to break this habit. I have been able to feel confident no matter how people treat me. I have been able to stop giving a damn about what people who don’t like me think. This is how I did it: First, I had to recognize the language I useâ€"the way I talk to myselfâ€"is crucial. When I experience negative emotions, it’s easy to beat the hell out of myself with my words and perpetuate negative thoughts. This never does any good: negative self-talk is demoralizing and destructive. So I found new questions to ask myselfâ€"I found new ways to talk to myself. I came up with different questions. Instead of disempowering questions, I now ask myself five clarifying questions: Did I have good intentions? Did I do my best to communicate the message? Was I as genuine as possible? Was I honest in the message I was communicating? Did I consider the other person’s feelings before I spoke? These questions help me determine, in a non-destructive way, if I need to rethink my approach. If I can answer yes to those five questions, then I needn’t feel remorse or confusion about why the other person did not understand my intentions. If I cannot answer yes, I explore new ways to communicate my message differently. Second, I had to tame my cynical side. Instead of destructive language, I now say things like, Ryan, not everyone is judging you. Sometimes people have a hard time accepting the truth, good or bad. Their misunderstandings do not make them or me wrong or badâ€"it was just a misunderstanding. Maybe the next time you see that person they will be in a different mood and see things in a new light. You can’t make everyone see your point of view or where you’re coming from. When I don’t agree with someone or when someone doesn’t agree with me, it doesn’t make them wrong or bad: it makes them who they are. It doesn’t make me crazy or a moron: it makes me who I am. As much as I’d like to find a connection with everyone, it isn’t realistic. Ultimately, the only person’s expectations I must meet are mine. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Managing Diversity in the Workplace - 1356 Words

Intent vs. Perception. Antoinette Mayer worked for DigiSys, a multimillion dollar technology company where many of the company’s senior managers were retired military officers. Jay Strong, her boss, became very friendly in an awkward way with Mayer one day where his conversation moved from business topics to more personal conversation. As time progressed, he got â€Å"warmer† towards Mayer; seemed to encounter her more in the company cafeteria and requested more of her time under the pretense of gathering updates. After many encounters like this, she decided to do something about it so she went to the Human Resources vice president for assistance. He told her that he didn’t think she had much of a case. The company was full of military†¦show more content†¦It can occur in a variety of situations: unwanted jokes, gestures, offensive words on clothing; Transmitting or posting emails or pictures of a sexual or other harassment-related nature; display ing sexually suggestive objects, pictures, or posters. Although it may cost Bliss a transfer or loss of training, Law’s behavior should be reported because it was very inappropriate. He has been esteemed as the best in his craft, but his raunchy, unprofessional behavior is unacceptable. Is Equal Fair? Moses Wu wanted to break into the circle of senior managers at ETech. He was an early recruit of ETech’s founding partners and had been at the firm since its establishment. He had the credentials and he knew the technology better than anyone, but he felt like he was hitting the â€Å"glass ceiling† and would be destined to quietly grind out new technologies from a lab bench the rest of his life. It had been three months since he had mentioned his desires to his boss but had not heard anything. Wu was the only Asian and nearly the only employee not born and raised in the West so he felt â€Å"different† in the offices and at the company’s aft er-hours events. Wu was not an aggressive person, but he was sought for his expertise and it was well received. WuShow MoreRelatedManaging Diversity in the Workplace1043 Words   |  5 PagesManaging diverse employees in a multicultural environment proves challenging to managers; yet, increasing diversity in the workplace is very beneficial for an organization. Diverse employees will provide a wider array of talents and will relate better to varied customers. Because managers have more influence than rank-and-file employees, it is imperative that managers commit to diversity of the workforce. Dissimilarities among people due to differences in characteristics can erode companies. FirstlyRead MoreEssay on Managing Diversity in the Workplace1207 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy once said If we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools1 Kelli A. Green, Mayra Là ³pez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner2 Introduction The worlds increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are nowRead MoreManaging Diversity Within The Workplace1605 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract- Managing Diversity in the workplace requires a lot of focus, training, and time. This paper gives an insight into the world of management and how diversity plays a big part. It explores the key benefits to putting emphasis on diversity and also how not putting emphasis on diversity could hurt your business. 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How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, within the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. One of the step’s leaders and managers can take is to incorporate diversity training of the organization. Read MoreManaging Workplace Diversity Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity is a term used most often to describe the different types of race, religion, and nationalities but in today’s business world, it is used to describe the different individual behaviors of employees. Diversity is about characteristics and demographics that differ from person to person and how they affect human behavior. To understand how diversity affects the work place let us look at four types of diversity--Differences in skill and abilities, Values and attitudes, Occupation differences

Ancient Spartan Public Education

According to Xenophons Polity of Lacedaemon and Hellenica and Plutarchs Lycurgus in Sparta, a child deemed worth raising was given to their mother to be cared for until the age of 7. During the day, though, the child accompanied the father to the syssitia (dining clubs) to sit on the floor picking up Spartan customs by osmosis. Lycurgus instituted the practice of appointing a state officer, the paidonomos, to put children in school, supervise, and punish. Children were barefoot to encourage them to move swiftly, and they were encouraged to learn to withstand the elements by having only one outfit. Children were never satiated with food or fed fancy dishes. Schooling of 7-Year-Old Boys At the age of 7, the paidonomos organized the boys into divisions of about 60 each called ilae. These were groups of peers of the same age. Most of their time was spent in this company. The ilae were under the supervision of an eiren (iren) aged about 20, at whose house the ilae ate. If the boys wanted more food, they went on hunts or raids. So seriously did the Lacedaemonian children go about their stealing, that a youth, having stolen a young fox and hid it under his coat, suffered it to tear out his very bowels with its teeth and claws, and died upon the place, rather than let it be seen.(Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus) After dinner, the boys sang songs of war, history, and morality or the eiren quizzes them, training their memory, logic, and ability to speak laconically. It is not clear whether they learned to read. The Iren, or under-master, used to stay a little with them after supper, and one of them he bade to sing a song, to another he put a question which required an advised and deliberate answer; for example, Who was the best man in the city? What he thought of such an action of such a man? They used them thus early to pass a right judgment upon persons and things, and to inform themselves of the abilities or defects of their countrymen. If they had not an answer ready to the question Who was a good or who an ill-reputed citizen, they were looked upon as of a dull and careless disposition, and to have little or no sense of virtue and honor; besides this, they were to give a good reason for what they said, and in as few words and as comprehensive as might be; he that failed of this, or answered not to the purpose, had his thumb bit by his master. Sometimes the Iren did this in the presence of the old men and magistrates, that they might see whether he punished them justly and in due measur e or not; and when he did amiss, they would not reprove him before the boys, but, when they were gone, he was called to an account and underwent correction, if he had run far into either of the extremes of indulgence or severity.(Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus) Foster Sons in Attendance Not only were the schools for the sons of the Spartiate, but also foster sons. Xenophon, for instance, sent his two sons to Sparta for their education. Such students were called trophimoi. Even the sons of helots and perioikoi could be admitted, as syntrophoi or mothakes, but only if a Spartiate adopted them and paid their dues. If these did exceptionally well, they might later be enfranchised as Spartiates. Guilt may have been a factor because the helots and perioikoi often took in the children that the Spartiates had rejected at birth as unworthy of rearing. Physical Training The boys played ball games, rode horses, and swam. They slept on reeds and suffered floggings—silently, or they suffered again. Spartans studied dance as a kind of gymnastic training for war dances and wrestling. This practice was so significant that Sparta was known as a dancing place from Homeric times. From Agoge to Syssitia and Krypteia At 16 the young men leave the agoge and join the syssitia, although they continue training so they can join the youth who become members of the Krypteia (Cryptia). Hitherto I, for my part, see no sign of injustice or want of equity in the laws of Lycurgus, though some who admit them to be well contrived to make good soldiers, pronounce them defective in point of justice. The Cryptia, perhaps (if it were one of Lycurguss ordinances, as Aristotle says it was), Gave both him and Plato, too, this opinion alike of the lawgiver and his government. By this ordinance, the magistrates dispatched privately some of the ablest of the young men into the country, from time to time, armed only with their daggers, and taking a little necessary provision with them; in the daytime, they hid themselves in out-of-the-way places, and there lay close, but, in the night, issued out into the highways, and killed all the Helots they could light upon; sometimes they set upon them by day, as they were at work in the fields, and murdered them. As, also, Thucydides, in his history of the Peloponnesian war, tells us, that a good number of them, after being singled out for t heir bravery by the Spartans, garlanded, as enfranchised persons, and led about to all the temples in token of honors, shortly after disappeared all of a sudden, being about the number of two thousand; and no man either then or since could give an account how they came by their deaths. And Aristotle, in particular, adds, that the ephori, so soon as they were entered into their office, used to declare war against them, that they might be massacred without a breach of religion.(Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus) Resources and Further Reading Cartledge, Paul. â€Å"Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy.† Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 98, Nov. 1978, pp. 25-37.Constantinidou, Soteroula. â€Å"Dionysiac Elements in Spartan Cult Dances.† Phoenix, vol. 52, no. 1/2, Spring-Summer 1998, pp. 15-30.Figueira, Thomas J. â€Å"Mess Contributions and Subsistence at Sparta.† Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-2014), vol. 114, 1984, pp. 87-109.Harley, T. Rutherford. â€Å"The Public School of Sparta.† Greece Rome, vol. 3, no. 9, May 1934, pp. 129-139.Whitley, James. â€Å"Cretan Laws and Cretan Literacy.† American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 101, no. 4, Oct. 1997, pp. 635-661.

The Health Benefits of Bananas Free Essays

The health benefits of bananas http://ph. she. yahoo. We will write a custom essay sample on The Health Benefits of Bananas or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/health-beneflts-banana-092724299. html Bananas are one of the most famous common fruits amongst people of every age. Enjoyed in its various forms, bananas are eaten raw, accompanied with desserts, added In smoothies and consumed In many more ways too. Let us look at the benefits of eating this fruit. 1. It helps regulate blood pressure. Banana Is a fruit that contains high amount of potassium and low levels of salt. This combination helps to regulate the blood pressure. It reduces the risk of heart related diseases. 2. It strengthens your bones. The potassium content In bananas Is good for the health of your bones. Eating bananas on a regular basis can prevent your bones from deteriorating. Consuming bananas can also neutralize the amount of sodium In your body, which ultimately saves calcium to get washed out from your body. 3. It’s energizing. Bananas are loaded with a lot of vitamins and minerals like Vitamin C and Vitamin 8-6. Considering this fact, it is evident that eating the fruit can provide you with great energy. Pack yourself a couple of bananas to eat in the afternoon after your lunch as been digested and your stomach asks for some food. . It boosts bowel health. If you are suffering from constipation, banana is the fruit you need to pick. The fruit contains dietary fiber that aids the maintenance of the bowel system of your body. 5. It reduces stress. When you are in stress, the metabolic rate of your body shoots up and potassium levels consequently decrease. Eating a banana can thereby flush your body wi th potassium, which will automatically ease you and regularize your heartbeat. 6. It’s brain food. The potassium in bananas also does wonders by making you more mentally alert. Research shows that this yellow fruit aids concentration and hence is a marvelous fuel for the brain. 7. It’s rich in iron. People suffering from iron deficiency can resort to eating bananas. This fruit, which is rich in iron, can supply your body with the amount of iron it needs. This can also benefit you when you are suffering from an injury and require the blood to clot faster with the help of hemoglobin. It is unimaginable how one tiny yellow colored fruit can give your body numerous health benefits. Include bananas In your breakfast, lunch, snack or dinner and enjoy the phenomenal benefits It Imparts your body with. The Health Benefits of Bananas By emapiag162 http://ph. she. yahoo. com/health-benefits-banana-092724299. html added in smoothies and consumed in many more ways too. Let us look at the benefits Banana is a fruit that contains high amount of potassium and low levels of salt. This The potassium content in bananas is good for the health of your bones. Eating bananas can also neutralize the amount of sodium in your body, which ultimately give your body numerous health benefits. Include bananas in your breakfast, lunch, snack or dinner and enjoy the phenomenal benefits it imparts your body with. How to cite The Health Benefits of Bananas, Papers

Dr Faustus as a Tragic Hero free essay sample

Doctor Faustus is the most famous play of Christopher Marlowe and this play alone has perhaps made that his name will be mortal in the history of English literature and English drama. This play shows that he was of high skilled as a playwright and he could write very good drama. It is a tragedy of Doctor Faustus that is the main point of this play. Before moving on further, we should discuss about the definition of a tragic hero. A tragic hero is obviously a hero of a tragedy drama. However, this is not enough. Perhaps the first tragic hero in history of drama is Oedipus in ‘Oedipus Rex’ of Sophocles. There we could find that Oedipus in the end suffers tragic consequence but he was higher than ordinary people. This matter is very important. A hero of the tragedy should not be an ordinary man but should be some higher and extra ordinary. He is exceptional than other people. From this point of view, perhaps we can say that Doctor Faustus is a good example of tragic hero. If we look at the opening scene then we will notice that he was unhappy because he grew tired of life. He was a scholar and he wanted new knowledge. He got all the knowledge but except black magic. He realized that he did not have all the knowledge and there was something missing. So, he sought the new knowledge and he was not afraid of it. He was also not afraid of anything a deal with Lucifer and Mephistopheles. After Doctor Faustus could make a deal with Mephistopheles then he started to enjoy all the knowledge but the main problem is that instead of gaining more knowledge, he became hungry for power. He wanted to be the boss of everyone and he wanted that other obey him. This is the thing that ultimately leads him into the tragedy. This is the thing that perhaps also takes away the sympathy from the audience. I think that the main problem of Doctor Faustus is that he was proud and he was greedy. Although, he was thirsty for knowledge but in his character, there was a mixture of knowledge and power both. He was not happy along with knowledge but he wanted to become the dominant person. That is why, I think that his tragic flow was pride and thirst. He was also very proud and not satisfied with the things he got. His pride makes him abnormal and this way he wanted to make a deal with the devil despite knowing after a certain period of time his soul will be captured and he will suffer eternal damnation. The last scene perhaps disappoints the audience because there we can find that Doctor Faustus hopeless and desperate. He wanted to get back his belief on god and Jesus Christ. He regretted a lot why he made the deal with Lucifer. He perhaps wanted another chance from god. It is clear that if he got another chance or opportunity from god then he would not waste it and he would denounced Lucifer and come back into the way of god. I think that Doctor Faustus is a renaissance tragic hero. Like many other people in renaissance time, he had the desire to go beyond the limit of knowledge and religion. He also challenged religion but in the end he could not win over religion. The struggle between religion and the new class of educated people who were secular by nature is perhaps the main theme of renaissance. Thus, I think that Doctor Faustus was a renaissance tragic hero. Dr. Faustus the protagonist of Christopher Marlowes great tragedy can be considered as a tragic hero similar to the other tragic characters such as Oedipus or Hamlet. Dr. Faustus who sells his soul to Lucifer in exchange of twenty four years of knowledge ought to have some special features in order to be considered as a tragic hero. But first of all let me present Aristotles definition of a Tragic hero and then I will elaborate on each element in relation to the tragedy of Dr. Faustus. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero evokes both our pity and terror because he is neither good nor thoroughly bad but a mixture of both; this tragic effect will be stronger if the hero is better than we are. Such a hero suffers from a change of happiness to misery because of his mistaken choice which is led by his hamarcia (error of judgment). The tragic hero stands against his fate or the gods to demonstrate his power of free will. He wants to be the master of his own fate. He decides to make decisions but mostly the decision making would lead to weakness or his own downfall. Now according to Aristotles definition of a tragic hero it is time to elaborate on the clues in details in order to conclude that Dr. Faustus can also be a tragic hero according to following reasons: Firstly because Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero evokes our pity. We feel some form of connection with him because he has a sense of realism. Dr. Faustus makes mistakes which can be also all human condition. He wants to gain more knowledge that is also another part of human condition to learn and understand more. We sympathize with Dr. Faustus because his feelings are similar to other human beings at the end we really want him to repent in order to change his fate radically. We sympathize with him at the end of the drama when it is time for a farewell to his soul. Although he has done many faults but we really want God not to be so fierce towards a human being. He desires: O soul, be changed to little water drops And fall into the ocean. Nere be found. My God, my God, look not so fierce on me! Act V, Scene ii: lines 180-182) Secondly because Dr. Faustus is a well-known and prosperous character, so the reader notices to his reputation as a well-respected scholar inevitably. In Act I, Scene i ; he calls for his servants and students in his speech about various fields of scholar ship which suggests him to be a prosperous intellectual. Philosophy is odious and obscure, Both law and physic ar e for petty wits, Divinity is basest of the three, Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible, and vile; Tis magic, magic that hath ravished me. ( Act I, Scene i: lines 107-111 ) His reputation as a scholar has been mentioned both in the beginning and at the end. It is one of the clues to present Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero so that the readers would be able to sympathize with him throughout the whole drama. In the closing lines the scholars put emphasis on this aspect more when they lament about their respectful professors death. Yet for he was a scholar once admired For wondrous knowledge in our German schools, Well give his mangled limbs due burial; And all the students, clothed in mourning black, Shall wait upon his heavy funeral. (Act V, Scene iii: Lines 14-19) Thirdly because Dr. Faustus mistaken choice, exchange of his soul to Lucifer, results in his downfall. His agreement with the devil blinds him in choosing between right and wrong. In the opening speech, in Act I, Faustus tells that he is skillful in different sciences but he wants to know more. FAUSTUS. How am I glutted with conceit of this! Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please, Resolve me of all ambiguities, Perform what desperate enterprise I will? Ill have them fly to India for gold, Ransack the ocean for orient pearl, And search all corners of the new-found world For pleasant fruits and princely delicates; Ill have them read me strange philosophy, And tell the secrets of all foreign kings; Ill have them wall all Germany with brass, And make swift Rhine circle fair Witttenberg; Ill have them fill the public schools with silk, Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad; Ill levy soldiers with the coin they bring, And chase the Prince of Parma from our land, And reign sole king of all the provinces; Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war, Than was the fiery keel at Antwerp-bridge, Ill make my servile spirits to invent. Act I, scene i: lines 79-98 ) Actually the desire for learning is part of human nature but he chooses the wrong way without some sense of guilt. His hasty desire for power and honor did not allow him to repent. He was so confused that he couldnt decide on following the ways of God or the path of Lucifer. Fourthly because Dr. Faustus wanted to support his own plot to make his own decision. This aspect of his character was as a result of the Renaissance period, unlike the medieval period, the dominance of fate upon human life became as a matter of ignorance. It was time for secular matters. Therefore, the dominance of science shadowed upon individuals thought . Dr. Faustus wanted to take destiny in his own hands to demonstrate the power of free will against fate. A case in point is when he passionately demanded Mephistophilis to: Go, bear these tidings to great Lucifer: Seeing Faustus hath incurred eternal death By desperate thoughts against Joves deity, Say, he surrenders up to him his soul, So he will spare him four and twenty years, Letting him live in all voluptuousness; Having thee ever to attend on me, To give me whatsoever I shall ask, To tell me whatsoever I demand, To slay mine enemies, and to aid my friends, And always be obedient to my will. Go, and return to mighty Lucifer, And meet me in my study at midnight, And then resolve me of thy masters mind. ( Act I, Scene iii: lines 91-104 ) He did not want to be a puppet dancing to the strings of destiny, despite the fact that tragedy functions paradoxical towards human destiny. Hence according to the aspects which I elaborated on, I can describe Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero. Although he devoted himself completely to Lucifer, never choosing right and making a tragedy out of his own downfall, but I found the drama as an optimistic and didactic one. I believe that Marlowe wanted to teach Christian faith besides a chance for salvation. Marlowe uses the tragic irony of Dr. Faustus as his ultimate intention to illustrate the downfall of a tragic hero. certain type of character. In Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus, the main character, Doctor Faustus, could be described and revealed as a tragic hero, similarly to other tragic characters, such as Sophocles’ Oedipus and Shakespeare’s Hamlet may also be described as such. There are different features and characteristics, which would make these characters be considered as tragic heroes rather than another type of character. One of the features that characterize a tragic hero is that this type of character â€Å"will mistakenly bring his own downfall†, (McManus) which is referred to as â€Å"hamartia†. In Marlowe’s play, the main character, Faustus, brings his own downfall by the end of the story. In his opening speech, in Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus tells and explains the audience and the readers that he has skilled himself in law, medicine and divinity, but he wants to know more than what he knows and also know more about other things. This aspect of Faustus, his curiosity to learn and know more, may be thought of as part of the human condition and human nature and isn’t something that is seen as wrong in our society. Read more in National  «Ã‚  Greek Drama Amusing Stories Behind the 12 Words of Indian Origin That Made It to the Oxford Dictionary  Ã‚ » However, this aspect also blinds Faustus from a sense of reason and right from wrong. This eventually leads the main character of Doctor Faustus to make an agreement with the devil, which results in Faustus’ downfall. This aspect of Faustus’ character and personality is similar to Oedipus, in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. Oedipus’ pride blinds him from seeing truth, reason, as well as the difference from right and wrong, which leads to and results in the character’s downfall and to the main character of Sophocles’ play, Oedipus, stabbing his eyes out. This feature will lead to the characteristic and fact that, by doing these mistakes or â€Å"flaws†, the tragic heroes are doomed from the beginning and the audience and readers know the fate of these characters is sealed. And for the tragic hero be just that, a tragic hero or tragic character, this type of character has to be doomed from the beginning of the play, but doesn’t hold any responsibility for possessing his flaw or fault. This may be seen in Faustus. From the beginning of the play, from the time that he tells the audience and readers that he wants to acquire more knowledge and especially when he signs the, the audience and readers may that Faustus is doomed to have a less than perfect and happy ending. Much like Faustus, Oedipus’ fate is sealed when he refuses to see the truth, even when it’s standing right in front of him. Though these two tragic heroes may feel some sense of guilt about their actions, neither Faustus nor Oedipus seem feel some sense of guilt or responsibility of their flaw. A third feature or characteristic that the tragic hero should have is that â€Å"[t]he protagonist should be renowned and prosperous†. (McManus) The audience and readers may witness and see this characteristic in the main character of Doctor Faustus. Early on in the play, the audience and readers knows that Faustus is well renowned and with some reputation. Over the course of the play, there are several people, mainly three scholars, talk about Faustus, his knowledge, and such aspects of this character. The audience and readers may see some signs of prosperity in Faustus. In Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus calls in his servant and student, which reveal not only that Faustus is prosperous, but also renown. The reason for this is that people at this time wanted to send their children study would to well known people. It could also be said that Oedipus and Hamlet are also prosperous and renown. Oedipus is king of Thebes, which leads the readers and audience to assume that he is fairly prosperous. The readers and audience may also assume that he is renown, because the citizens of Thebes come to Oedipus, when the city is attacked with plague, in the prologue. Hamlet is a prince, which also may lead us to suggest that he is fairly prosperous and successful. A fourth feature and aspect involving the tragic hero is that this character must support the plot of the story, which is similar to many other protagonists. This may be easily seen with Faustus, in Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus. It is Faustus’ actions, which seem to lead and direct the plot and the entire story of the play. This is the same situation with Oedipus and Hamlet, in Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. Both Oedipus and Hamlet are tragic heroes, who both lead and guide the story and its plot. This may be also part of and applied to the human life, as most of us make our own decisions and lead and drive our own lives, much like Faustus, Oedipus, and Hamlet guide the plays they are in. A fifth feature, which is attributed to the tragic hero, is that the main character must be realistic or present some sense of realism. This may help the audience and readers relate to the character. This aspect of the tragic hero is meant for the audience to relate to or feel some form of connection with the characters and the story of the play. Faustus does have a certain sense of realism to him. For one, the main character of the play Doctor Faustus makes mistakes, which is part of the human condition and is something that every human being does. This also adds to a sense of realism to Faustus. This is the same for Oedipus and Hamlet, who also both make mistakes. There is also the fact that Faustus wants to acquire more knowledge, which adds to the realism of the play. Acquire knowledge is another aspect that is part of the human condition. Learning and understanding more and more subjects and obtaining more knowledge is part of how we can grow and evolve as human beings, as individuals and as a society. This sense of realism in the tragic hero may introduce pity. This is a crucial aspect to the tragedy genre. If the audience and the readers pity or sympathizes with the main character, this may lead to suggest that the audience and readers feel some form of connection with the hero of the play. In order for this to occur, the character must have some realistic features. This aspect of the tragic hero of Doctor Faustus in relation to the audience and readers may vary. There may be some who do pity Faustus, while other may feel no pity for this character. The same can be said of the characters Oedipus and Hamlet. Several people may feel sympathy for these two characters, while others won’t sympathize with these characters. This aspect and feature is part of the human condition and adds to the realism of the character and of the play. It is impossible to like or sympathize with everyone 1Dr faustus as a targic hero There are different views of Dr. Faustus. There may be different or varying ways of looking at certain characters and revealing them as a certain type of character. In Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus, the main character, Doctor Faustus, could be described and revealed as a tragic hero, similarly to other tragic characters, such as Sophocles’ Oedipus and Shakespeare’s Hamlet may also be described as such. There are different features and characteristics, which would make these characters be considered as tragic heroes rather than another type of character. One of the features that characterize a tragic hero is that this type of character â€Å"will mistakenly bring his own downfall†, (McManus) which is referred to as â€Å"hamartia†. In Marlowe’s play, the main character, Faustus, brings his own downfall by the end of the story. In his opening speech, in Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus tells and explains the audience and the readers that he has skilled himself in law, medicine and divinity, but he wants to know more than what he knows and also know more about other things. This aspect of Faustus, his curiosity to learn and know more, may be thought of as part of the human condition and human nature and isn’t something that is seen as wrong in our society. Read more in National  «Ã‚  Greek Drama Amusing Stories Behind the 12 Words of Indian Origin That Made It to the Oxford Dictionary  Ã‚ » However, this aspect also blinds Faustus from a sense of reason and right from wrong. This eventually leads the main character of Doctor Faustus to make an agreement with the devil, which results in Faustus’ downfall. This aspect of Faustus’ character and personality is similar to Oedipus, in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. Oedipus’ pride blinds him from seeing truth, reason, as well as the difference from right and wrong, which leads to and results in the character’s downfall and to the main character of Sophocles’ play, Oedipus, stabbing his eyes out. This feature will lead to the characteristic and fact that, by doing these mistakes or â€Å"flaws†, the tragic heroes are doomed from the beginning and the audience and readers know the fate of these characters is sealed. And for the tragic hero be just that, a tragic hero or tragic character, this type of character has to be doomed from the beginning of the play, but doesn’t hold any responsibility for possessing his flaw or fault. This may be seen in Faustus. From the beginning of the play, from the time that he tells the audience and readers that he wants to acquire more knowledge and especially when he signs the, the audience and readers may that Faustus is doomed to have a less than perfect and happy ending. Much like Faustus, Oedipus’ fate is sealed when he refuses to see the truth, even when it’s standing right in front of him. Though these two tragic heroes may feel some sense of guilt about their actions, neither Faustus nor Oedipus seem feel some sense of guilt or responsibility of their flaw. A third feature or characteristic that the tragic hero should have is that â€Å"[t]he protagonist should be renowned and prosperous†. (McManus) The audience and readers may witness and see this characteristic in the main character of Doctor Faustus. Early on in the play, the audience and readers knows that Faustus is well renowned and with some reputation. Over the course of the play, there are several people, mainly three scholars, talk about Faustus, his knowledge, and such aspects of this character. The audience and readers may see some signs of prosperity in Faustus. In Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus calls in his servant and student, which reveal not only that Faustus is prosperous, but also renown. The reason for this is that people at this time wanted to send their children study would to well known people. It could also be said that Oedipus and Hamlet are also prosperous and renown. Oedipus is king of Thebes, which leads the readers and audience to assume that he is fairly prosperous. The readers and audience may also assume that he is renown, because the citizens of Thebes come to Oedipus, when the city is attacked with plague, in the prologue. Hamlet is a prince, which also may lead us to suggest that he is fairly prosperous and successful. A fourth feature and aspect involving the tragic hero is that this character must support the plot of the story, which is similar to many other protagonists. This may be easily seen with Faustus, in Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus. It is Faustus’ actions, which seem to lead and direct the plot and the entire story of the play. This is the same situation with Oedipus and Hamlet, in Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. Both Oedipus and Hamlet are tragic heroes, who both lead and guide the story and its plot. This may be also part of and applied to the human life, as most of us make our own decisions and lead and drive our own lives, much like Faustus, Oedipus, and Hamlet guide the plays they are in. A fifth feature, which is attributed to the tragic hero, is that the main character must be realistic or present some sense of realism. This may help the audience and readers relate to the character. This aspect of the tragic hero is meant for the audience to relate to or feel some form of connection with the characters and the story of the play. Faustus does have a certain sense of realism to him. For one, the main character of the play Doctor Faustus makes mistakes, which is part of the human condition and is something that every human being does. This also adds to a sense of realism to Faustus. This is the same for Oedipus and Hamlet, who also both make mistakes. There is also the fact that Faustus wants to acquire more knowledge, which adds to the realism of the play. Acquire knowledge is another aspect that is part of the human condition. Learning and understanding more and more subjects and obtaining more knowledge is part of how we can grow and evolve as human beings, as individuals and as a society. This sense of realism in the tragic hero may introduce pity. This is a crucial aspect to the tragedy genre. If the audience and the readers pity or sympathizes with the main character, this may lead to suggest that the audience and readers feel some form of connection with the hero of the play. In order for this to occur, the character must have some realistic features. This aspect of the tragic hero of Doctor Faustus in relation to the audience and readers may vary. There may be some who do pity Faustus, while other may feel no pity for this character. The same can be said of the characters Oedipus and Hamlet. Several people may feel sympathy for these two characters, while others won’t sympathize with these characters. This aspect and feature is part of the human condition and adds to the realism of the character and of the play. It is impossible to like or sympathize with everyone. These aspects are a few attributes and features that characterize a tragic hero. Most of these attributes may be applied to Faustus, as well as other tragic heroes, such as Hamlet and Oedipus. But, like every human being and characters that exist, these three tragic heroes aren’t perfect and do make mistakes.

Mallarme(Poet) Essays - Prose, Prose Poetry, Poetry, Symbolism

Mallarme(Poet) St?phane Mallarm? St?phane Mallarm?, a French poet, became one of the most important masters of French symbolism, a nineteenth-century movement in poetry that stressed impressions and moods rather than descriptions of reality (Online). The poetry of Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, and others strongly affected Mallarm?'s writing (Online). He used symbolism to represent human emotions to make his poems unclear, thus avoiding direct communication with his readers (Online & World Book 110,111). Mallarm? was born in Paris on March 18, 1842 (Online). After his mother died when he was seven years old, his grandmother became his parental role model. His education included upper-class boarding schools where he often felt out of place because of his middle class background. When he was fifteen, the death of his younger sister, Maria, greatly influenced his poetic development. He turned from Romantic lyricism to much more morbid subjects like Baudelaire's Les fleurs du mal. In 1860, he received his baccalaureate degree from a ?lycee? in Sens. After an apprenticeship in the Registry's office, in 1862 he had his first sonnet published in Le papillon, a literary journal. In 1862 Mallarm? married Maria Gerhard and became a teacher in Tournon. The difficult duties of teaching often interrupted his poetic work and thoughts. Although his students made fun of him, Mallarm? was not discouraged and continued his writing. After translating Edgar Allan Poe's English poems into French, Mallarm?'s chief influence became Poe rather than Baudelaire. He began to compose long imaginative poems and a prose poem called Herodiade, the biblical story of Salome who caused John the Baptist's murder. Then he wrote his best-known poem L'Apr?s-midi d'un faune (Afternoon of a Faun), which explores the difference between reality and fantasy (World Book 110,111). After moving to Paris in 1875 and becoming a teacher at College Rollin, Mallarm? began to associate with such famous French poets as Theodore de Banville, Paul Verlaine, and Gustave Kahn (Online). These and others visited him on Tuesday evenings (les mardis), and these poets became known as les mardistes. Mallarm? spoke about using words as symbols and was considered an oracle. He became known as the ?Master of Symbolism? because of the great effect he had on the poets of his age. To honor his colleagues, he later wrote Toast funebre and ?Le tombeau d'Edgar Poe? (?The Tomb of Edgar Poe?), a poem telling of Poe's ?eternal genius? despite his sad life. This poem is one of the most often quoted poems in French literature. In 1869, Mallarm? started but did not complete Igitur: ou, la folie d'Elbehnon, twelve prose fragments of different lengths (Online). Classified as a story, a prose poem, and a drama, Igitur did not appeal to feelings but to the intelligence of the reader. It shows his lifelong preoccupation with death, infinity, fantasy, and absence. Despite Mallarm?'s requests to dispose of his Igitur notes at his death, his son-in-law, Dr. Bonninot, tried to reorganize the prose fragments and published them in 1925. In his final work Un coup de des jamais n'abolira le hasard (A Throw of the Dice Never Will Abolish Chance), Mallarm? showed his interest in musical verse form and set his words in different typefaces to illustrate visually the subject of the poem and to stress the unity of thought and sound. Mallarm? thought that one should not change or paraphrase the language of a poem (Americana 143). He believed that sacred things are surrounded in mystery and that poetry has secrets that should be protected, just as religion does. According to Mallarm?, poetry is not like music because the latter cannot be understood by all. To this poet, the silences in a poem are just as important as the words. He also thought that the reason for writing poetry is the creation of poetic language; therefore, poetry itself is the subject of all poems. Although Mallarm? tried to develop a ?Grand Oeuvre,? he spent so much time and energy thinking about the true nature of poetry that he was unable to write this work (Online). He sometimes suffered from depression and lack of creativity due to his changing poetic intentions, his dislike for instant pleasure in literature, and his insistence that the reader himself search for the symbolic meaning in

Oscar Micheaux essays

Oscar Micheaux essays In the years of race cinema, there was only one black man with the determination to write, produce, direct, finance and distribute his own films. That man was Oscar Micheaux. Micheaux was the first black to direct a silent feature, and the first to direct a talkie feature. In so many ways, Micheaux was the D.W. Griffith of race cinema. Many of Micheauxs films exhibited aesthetic techniques originally used by D.W. Griffith, particularly in Griffiths racial movie The Birth of A Nation (1915). On the other hand, many of Micheauxs films also show improvements on Griffiths techniques and responses to his racially driven movie. Even though Oscar Micheaux was the first of his kind, he did not create a new movie sub-genre; but was able to show the power of the black movie maker by being the first black to make films that were aesthetically competitive with white filmmakers, and by making films that contradicted films such as Birth of a Nation by showing the power of black filmmakers in r esponding to mainstream cinema. Existing not only as an artist in the film industry, Griffith was a business man as well. Known for spending unusually large amounts of money on films such as Birth of a Nation (1915) and Hearts of the World (1918) and then realizes that, while the returns from such a subject are slowly accruing, he must turn out a few pot-boilers to keep the wolf from the door. (Milne 79) Therefore, Griffith produced many smaller scale productions films such as The Great Love (1918) and The Girl Who Stayed at Home (1919). Similarly, having to produce his own films through his own production company, Micheaux was also very much a business man. As stated, raising funds knocking on doors, Micheax also produced smaller films such as The Gunsaulus Mystery (1921) and The Hypocrite (1922) to pay the bills while he worked on his larger scale productions (even though they were shoe-string budgets). ...

Managerial Economics Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Economics Master - Essay Example The current account contains the import and export items of goods and services as well as transfer payments including net investment income. Deficit in current account is often regarded as problematic. The existence of current account deficit often signifies negative perception in the attractiveness of a country's commodities and investment instruments. However, it is also important to look at the causes of the current account deficit being experienced by US. The current account deficit being experienced by the United States can be attributed to the "expansion of the fiscal deficit, decline in private saving rate, productivity growth, slump in foreign domestic demand, and improvements in global financial intermediation" (Ferguson). The current account is also largely attributed to the appreciation of the US dollar relative to other currencies. The attractiveness of dollar in the global market dampened the demand for US commodities which highly discourages the exports of US commodities. In contrast, imports appear cheap to US residents. The International Monetary Fund expressed that the current account deficit in the US is not a current problem.

Law - Corporate Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law - Corporate Law - Essay Example The partners wish to bring in more funding into the proposed entity. Consequently, they want the resources injected be recognized as capital. Additionally, they want the business to bear responsibility for any debt pertaining to it. Considering the conditions set by the three partners Tinky, Lola and Daphne the best form of business is a Private limited company (PLC). This form of an organization is better than a sole proprietorship. The proposed business form has a distinct identity from its founders. As such, they would bear no liability for the entity’s transactions2. Additionally, such an entity can own property and take legal action against another party. The proposed business form will incur less tax than a sole proprietorship3. The law treats the incomes of a sole proprietorship as those of the founders of the organization. A private limited company (PLC) fits the description of the business form they are seeking. A PLC is accountable for its own tax burden. This assert s that the organization is a legal personality contrary to a sole proprietorship4. Individuals that subscribe for shares in a PLC are the owners since a share denotes the basic unit of ownership in any a PLC5. Shareholders do not administer the company openly. Nonetheless, they appoint directors who run the entity6. This allows a PLC to inject professionalism in its management since they appoint qualified individuals into such posts. Conversely, the sole proprietor governs his entity based on his knowledge. Therefore, the business may suffer due to his incompetence7. Nonetheless, decision-making is easier since no consultation are held. Overall, a PLC is a better business form than a sole proprietor based on the above reasons. The company act governs all the undertakings of all incorporated bodies. The act provides stringent statues on the way that a PLC should undertake its activities8. Conversely, they are negligible rules that direct the operations of a sole proprietorship. The d irectors in a PLC are answerable to the members while the sole proprietor is liable to himself9. A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a very attractive form since Tinky, Lola and Daphne are already in such similar business. Thus, a LLP will only limit their liability, but the entity will continue to incur relatively enormous taxes since the tax authorities charge it alongside the other incomes of the partners10. This implies that a LLP has no legal personality. A LLP is better that ordinary partnership since the members’ liability is limited. This denotes its major variation from other partnerships. However, it is imperative to note that the accountability of members in such an entity may vary. As such, some partners might have restricted liability11. In such a scenario, the partners with unlimited responsibility would meet the partnership’s debt during liquidation12. Nonetheless, in a PLC no member takes responsibility for the entity’s loans since the organ ization is separate from its founders and its members. The three partners should consider this pro13. Partners may run the business simultaneously by sharing duties. Alternatively, they may appoint one of the members to govern the organization. Governing such an entity is tricky since decision-making requires consultation. This makes decision-making challenging14. The partners share

Industrial Analysis About Burger King Commerce Essay

Industrial Analysis About Burger King Commerce Essay In this assignment we are required to research about the new cafeteria on Burger King out to the market. This research will include the Legal, Ethical, Cultural and Industrial analysis about burger King and also the Porters Five Forces. It also includes some strategies about SWOT and PESTEL that are all being written in the report as a part of this assignment. Also in this report it show the weakness of Burger as a business to others and other business take advantages this because Burger King is one of the main competitors in the fast food industry and also the market. The opportunity it has and can take on and the threats it has. Also includes the introduction and history of Burger King and its position in market throughout till present. To conduct the research and to gather the relevant information, various sources have been referred. INTRODUCTION In this individual assignment we have been assigned to carry out a report on Burger Kings. And on this assignment we are required to carry out reports about Burger Kings on evaluating research as follows: Legal Ethical such Cultural Industry SWOT PESTEL Burger King is planning to launch a cafeteria in competition with McCafe of McDonalds. For that Burger King must carry out the Market Research for the purpose of their marketing strategies to launch their new cafe. Burger King needs to evaluate legal, ethical, cultural, and industry issues which are relevant to Burger King towards conducting marketing research and launching of their cafe. MAIN BODY BACKGROUND C:Documents and SettingsOEMDesktopBurger-King-Logo1-295300.jpg The Burger King is also said/ called in another name which is BK in short. Burger King is one of the fast food restaurant and food that are consumed by the people of New Zealand in the 21st century. According to the Wikipedia page that it was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, as the Insta-Burger King. Keith j. Kramer and his wifes uncle were the founders and owners of this company. Insta-meat was the equipment around which the first store was opened. After this they started making hamburgers. (Wikipedia, 17 July, 2012 last modified). In launching a new cafà © in competition against McDonald, Burger King will have to research or gather information about the introducing the product. Bibliography Wikipedia. (2012, july 17). Wikipedia (burger king). Retrieved 07 24, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger_King LEGAL ISSUES Burger king as one of the fast and busy restaurants locally and international has to make sure that it has all its resources to succeed in what it can do best and thats to serve good quality food to customers and make profit. In this Burger King has to make sure that everything is in order to ensure health and safety of people all over in New Zealand who consumes the Burger King products, every country has its own system to ensure that health and safety standards are met and followed by food industry. In this issues Burger King has its own way like rules to make sure that everyone is safe and secure from the product that are been consumes by the people. From below sentences and paragraphs are some criteria that Burger King is registered on: Food Act Law 1981 Burger King as a fast food restaurant (business) that sells food to the people will fall under this act. This will concern that all product that has been sold by Burger King are safe and can be consume like: Foods are not contaminated. Make sure that food are consumable by consumers in New Zealand The Food Regulations Act 2002 Under this act Burger King has the rights to sure that no one else are selling their products at any cost. This can either if its like an articles that has been in the: Storage Cooking The way its been prepared. HR Safety The HR safety ac t commits on the jobs and workers safety under the act of Safety and Health Act of 1970 on which it looks for work safety and health protection for labours by looking at the safest and healthful working conditions throughout New Zealand as a nation. So Burger King will to follow this Act they want to continue running the business. Fair Trading Act 1986 Under this act it can be said that it protects the consumers against or to avoid us from misleading or treated in a bad manner towards the business on selling goods and services to the consumers. It also applies to every business from the government so that consumers have some information about the product. Consumers Guarantee Act In this act it is all about the goods and services quality. It prevents consumers from buying poor or less quality on goods and services that do not reach its original standard (quality) so that consumers are not just wasting their money on bad quality of goods and services. Labour Laws Under this laws it will show that all workers are treated fairly, work on the right hours (not overworking and getting paid less) and also that labour do get help and support from the business. Industry Act This act gives and provides rules and regulations towards the employees and employers relations and also to prevent any dispute between the two parties. Copyright Act 1994 On 1994 copyright act, it protects the workers and it automatically applies as soon as possible as the business is put in design on which is been decided like logos that has been print and stored. It is also said that it is not right to copy any piece of work without a licence Trade Practice Act 1974 The increasingly competitive nature of todays business environment has meant that business practices involving misleading and deceptive conduct, price fixing, boycotting and market sharing are not only associated with large corporations. In todays highly competitive business environment, more and more small businesses are engaging in business practice, both intentionally and unwittingly, that contravene the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cwlth) (TPA). ETHICAL ISSUES Health Burger as fast food restaurants will have to make sure that it provides good quality products to it every customer by providing a healthy food to its customers in any way good way. This will be one of the main aims of any business (fast food) in New Zealand. So if Burger Kings Is trying to launch a new McCafe they will have to make sure that there are going to provide a healthy product to its customers. Social Responsibilities A social responsibility is also an ethic thing to do by Burger Kings if it tends to launch a new MaCafe. This can make work easy if the business like if the business provide some service to its society like Billboards or Notice Boards that will be usable like putting up Notice from people like Garage sales and many more things or even providing parking and toilets for disable people. Cultural Diversity It is very important that Burger Kings know its people (consumers) culture as a whole. This is because people are not offended by any source like advertisement through media that can hurt the people feeling. It (business) will have to show loyalty and respect to its consumers in a polite manner in order to succeed as a business. Employment Opportunities (Disable) Providing employment to disable people is a great way to promote the business. This is because they will feel that they are not alone. Helping in workplace and not much workload to them. Green Helping the environment is a good way to show responsibilities to the community and towards the people. Like recycling the old oil into the red bin for renewal instead of dumping it on the ground or drain and also separating rubbish which can be recycled like bottles, papers and plastic. . CULTURAL ISSUES Community, Organisation, Gender and Religion Burger King will have to work with its community (helping in a way) to be safe from or to grow with its community. They will also have to accept the different people, ages and culture that will be surrounding the business. This will make sure that they can help/ secure or serve any customers that will consume their products where if its a female or male or no matter what nationality they are from in showing of respect to themselves and also towards the business. Food (Halal, Vegetarian or Others) Burger King has many different types of menu that are available towards the customers to choose from. For example: the burgers sold can either have meat on it like chicken or beefs due to the customers wants or it can also provide vegetarian burgers to those whom does not eat meat like Hindus and even some Muslim that does not consumes bacon and also provide drinks fries and desserts to customers. So selling some Halal food is not a bad idea to attract customers into the business because some people like Halal food. Coming up with many menus for the business to different kinds of people is a good way to promote business sales also to satisfy the customers and to make profit and it will also be a good way to introduce the launching of the new MaCafe. Support Local Community Supporting local communities like a game that brings the people together to know each other. Putting boards to people to use or notice to other people on what is happening in the society. Helping in providing disable car parks and also the toilets. INDUSRIAL ISSUES New Zealand is one of the countries that people consume or eat a lot from Fast Food restaurants like K.F.C, McDonalds, Dominos, Pizza Hut and Burger King. This is because it is very fast to get the food and sometimes cheap for customers to buy due to some sales in the business or promotion that the business have in a period of time. The Fast Food industry in New Zealand helps a lot in the economic so it is a great opportunity to open or launch a new Cafeteria not only for making profit or for the economy but it also will provide employment. Burger King is not only a local but it s an International Business with franchises making it a great competitors in the market with on the help to other industry like Farming on which the meat, vegetables or other product that can bought to (supplier: Tegel) from that its put into a product and selling it to customers, (it a win-win situation) SWOT Strength Burger King as one of the busiest Fast food restaurants in New Zealand by selling lots of burgers is one of the advantages it has from any other restaurants. It serves as many of its customers just on burgers like patty burger or Mushroom burgers which are not available on any other restaurants. Apart from this , it also has dishes like side dishes like Apple pie, Sunday and others which are most bought by customers. All this, is also due to its location of headquarters and also the location of its 11,500 fast food restaurants in just 70-72 countries all over the world in which it include America, Brazil, Asian countries, Canada and also in New Zealand and many more other countries. Weakness One of the weaknesses that Burger King has is the Advertisement it has compare to other fast food restaurants advertisement (competitors) do. One of the main reason is due to some Religion like Muslims people are really not a big or huge fan of Burger King due to the knowledge that they have like they are not really confident to try the Burgers because they are not sure if it Halal or sometimes they get the wrong order in which bacon are presented it which is against the Religion and culture they had. And also the sales are not really that high compared to some fast food restaurants like K.F.C, McDonalds due to lack of Marketing that would be one of the disadvantages they had. Opportunities Due to the weakness of advertisement that Burger King has, one of the opportunities that Burger King do is to increase/ improve the sales of producing sales through advertisement in order to increase sales. And also that they can open new Branches in any part of New Zealand like in Cities, towns or somewhere where populations are high and where people are busy at all times like West Auckland. This is because when people are busy like running late to work, they can just order from Burger King or in the morning Breakfast. Also one of the opportunities it also had is that Burger King can launch or develop new products in the business to increase its sales. Threats One of the main threats that Burger King faces a lot is its competitors from other fast food restaurants like Wendys, McDonalds and also K.F.C since these organisation also are known as fast food restaurants thats deals with the selling of Burgers also. If there will be a inflation in the New Zealand economy it can make the sales to decrease due to people not willing to buy from fast food restaurants which will put them on a tough spot due to taxation also while other business can take advantages of this in advertisement on which is one of the weaknesses that Burger King has already. Also one the of the threats that they faces is the changing of customers behaviour to eat/ consume healthier food nowadays. PESTEL Political This includes the laws and regulations from its policies that is usually used in a effective way that will or has to be related to the business. New Zealand as a country that has a lot of fast food restaurants will have its own policy that will be different from some other countries. So Burger King will have to follow this even if it includes the launching of the new cafeteria. This is done to everyone/ business to followed on which is made by its Government. Before launching the new cafeteria to the market Burger King will have to know all these rules and regulations made by the government (KEEP-UP-TO-DATED). Economic Burger King as a business will always have a good that will last in a long given period of time (long time goal). So they are also contributing to the Country economy as a fast food industry. One of the main goals that Burger King will have is the increase of sales or to make as much profit as possible. But this will depend on the stability of the country economy as a whole. If it is poor, it can be said that some business will be affected because the amount of tax levied to the. Before launching the new cafeteria Burger King will have a research first to see if its good or bad depending on the economy. Social Burger King is one of the world recommended Fast Food restaurants around the world. So this means that it serves different people and also has different people working on the business across the globe. Burger King will make sure that it has a very good background on it towards the government, tourisms, people or other business and even it community. As in food Burger King will have to take considerations about the culture of different people and also the background they have. Technology Technology is one the main advantages that most business used nowadays to run the business in order to make profit. There are always new technology in advance used in a period of time before another technology is made which has a good feature and quality that will replacing the old ones in todays world. Burger King as fast food restaurants will have technology not only to only make work fast, light or easy but also in a way to compete with others in the market but also in another way it can be a disadvantages to other like through employment will not be an increase. Environmental A one of a large organisation in the world it will have to take responsibility of its surrounding. This is because they use a lot of materials to make it menus in the business like papers, rollers, packaging. They have to all this so it does not affect the environment and what can be done to prevent it if occurs. For this not only it is helping the environment but also to other business to do the same with their own business so the natural environment of the country can be still conserve. Legal Burger King deals with the fast customer service as it a fast food restaurant. But also at the same time it has to make sure that everyone working are safe and also the product are safe and healthy to customers to consume. New Zealand government has a set of departments that requires the legal act of any type of business in the country to follow. So before launching the new cafeteria the business will make sure that has the legal act in the new cafeteria. Porters Five Forces C:UsersimmanuelDocumentsimages.jpg Source: http://www.12manage.com/methods_porter_five_force Threats for new entrants When there is a new business entering the market it will be a threat to other business in the market already. There will be more competitors it will have to face in the market so Burger King will also face the same thing. Because it a low barriers of entry which is easy to enter when starting a business in New Zealand. Threats of Substitute products Every fast food restaurants will also have a substitute product it the market for its suppliers or buyers. This can be due to the customers taste. So Burger King will to have the ability to change if these does happen or develop of new products in the business to meets it customers needs Bargaining of power Suppliers. The business will make sure that it has a good relationship with its suppliers at all times. The supplies will make sure that it can substitute a product fast if required but it has to be similar to the products. The business will make sure that the suppliers are a large company to it is able to change if required. Bargaining of power Buyers It mostly deals with the customers whom have the power on want to purchase in the business according to the needs that they want and not the business. Burger King will make sure that it is able to change to substitute the products if customers has change its habits. They will also make sure that the price is affordable to the buyers to buy or spent their money. Competitive Rivalry Burger King is a large business in the fast food industry. It serves lots of customers in a day or at night. So it will face some large competitors in the make like McDonalds in sales. It has a low cost of changing its product in the market if needed and a high customers loyalty. CONCLUSION In conclusion or to sum up. Launching a new cafeteria into the market is a very good move to the contribution to the New Zealand economy and also for the business itself. This is also good for the business to compete with or against its competitors in the market and it can be one of its main strength in the future. But before launching a new cafeteria, burger King as fast food restaurants will have to do some researches on this. Like the country economy or the rules and regulations that been laid by the government. Or what are some ways that will affect the business and the problem solving.

Agricultural Practices and Animal Husbandry

We also eat leaves and stem of spinach and plenty of fruits. Thus, human beings depend on plants and animals for food. 32. 2 AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES The branch of science which deals with methods of food production is known as agriculture. Besides studying the new methods of food production, in this branch of science we also study about how new and better varieties of crops can be grown, how animals and birds like cows, hens, etc. can be reared well and made to give more milk or better quality eggs?All these new methods which scientists develop come under agricultural practices. We need vegetables, fruits, cereals, pulses, etc. as food. For our clothes, we need the fibre of plants or animals. We get all these foods and fibres by farming or agriculture. ACTIVITY 32. 1 Make a list of things which you use every day. Categorise those items which you get directly or indirectly from agriculture. Does your list look like the one given below? For easy reading, agricultural pro ducts have been divided into the following groups as given in the table 32.1. Table 32. 1: Various categories of food items Examples Sorghum (Jowar), Ragi (finger millet) and Bajra (pearl millet) Arhar (Tur), Black gram (Urad), Green gram (Moong), and Bengal gram (Channa) Beans Peas, Soyabean, Cowpea, Lentil Oilseeds Mustard, Groundnut, Soyabean, Sunflower, Linseed, Castor and Cotton seed Root crops Carrot, Turnip, Sweet potato Tuber crops Potato, Tapioca, Ginger and Turmeric Sugar crops Sugarcane and Beet root Plantation crops Coffee, Tea, Rubber and Coconut Category Millets Pulses 32.3 HORTICULTURE Did you observe that something is missing from the list of food items which we eat every day. What is it that we have not listed here in table 32. 1? Yes, we have neither included vegetables nor fruits in this list. Vegetables and fruits are essential items of our diet and their growth and production are studied under a branch of agriculture called horticulture. Horticulture is derived from two latin words: hortus which means garden, and culture which means cultivation. : 288 : Agricultural Practices and Animal HusbandryThe branch of agriculture that deals with growing and production of vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants and management of orchards is called horticulture. Horticulturists research to find new ways by which better varieties of fruits and vegetables can be grown in large quantities. 32. 4 STEPS IN RAISING IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE To increase our food production we can sow good quality seeds and improve the methods of sowing. We can make the soil more rich and even use better techniques for harvesting the crops.Some of the agricultural practices which scientists have developed and which our farmers have started are explained here. 1. Preparation of soil This is an important practice which helps to enrich the soil and make it more fertile and aerated. It involves addition of manure followed by turning, loosening and levelling of the soil, using agricultural implements like spade, plough or mechanical farm implements. 2. Seed treatment Seeds can easily be attacked by micro-organisms. The crops that grow out of diseased seeds will also be unhealthy.So farmers treat these seeds by dipping them in certain chemicals like cerosan or agrosan. These chemicals do not allow the microorganisms to attack the seeds and damage them. Such chemicals are called Fungicides. Once the seeds are treated, they can be sown. 3. Preparing the seed bed and care of the seedlings In certain crop plants like paddy and some of the vegetables, seeds are not sown directly in the main field. First these seeds are sown in a nursery bed. Once they grow to a certain age they are transferred and planted in the main field. These small plants are called seedlings.When the farmers prepare a nursery bed they take care of the following: †¢ The soil of the bed should be soft and loose so that the tender roots of the seedlings can grow well. This can be achieve d by digging or ploughing the field well. †¢ The seed bed or where the seedlings are planted should be even so that when we water the plants, the water distributes itself uniformly all over the field. †¢ All weeds or unwanted plants in the field must be removed. Do you know why? It is because these weeds also take water and nutrients from the soil and as a result the desired plants cannot get enough of the nutrients.The seedlings also need to be protected from diseases and pests. This is done by spraying chemicals like Parathion, Sevin, Dimecron and Rogor on the seedlings. 4. Transplanting The process of removing the seedlings from the nursery bed and planting them in the main field is called transplanting. When we transplant, we must select those seedlings which have 4 to 5 healthy Agricultural Practices and Animal Husbandry : 289 : leaves. These are sowed at proper distance from each other. The main field must be ploughed and manured before transplanting.Generally rice a nd vegetables like tomato and brinjal are sown by transplanting. Transplanting of seedlings is a very important practice. This enables us to select good and healthy seedlings and get a better crop. Besides, when we transplant seedlings, their roots are able to go deep into the soil and get more nutrients. When seedlings get good food, they grow into healthy plants and give a better yield. 5. Adding fertilizers Crops need nutrients like phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen etc. for their growth and pick up these nutrients from the soil.It is very important to add fertilizers to the soil. They provide nutrients to the soil and help to obtain a better crop yield. Depending on the type of soil and the crop to be grown, we use different fertilizers. The way we use a fertilizer also depends upon what type of fertilizer is being added to the soil. A fertilizer which contains nitrogen (nitrogenous fertilizer) is generally given in two or three doses. Other fertilizers are phosphatic and complex fe rtilizers. Some fertilisers are added to the soil before transplanting. You must have heard about the most commonly used fertilizer ‘NPK’.The letter N stands for nitrogen, P for phosphate and K for potassium. While fertilizers are manufactured from chemicals in factories, manure is made from organic substances and contains nutrients in small quantities. Some of the commonly used manure are: Farmyard manure, as the name suggests is a mixture of decomposed cattle dung (excreta) and urine, left over fodder (cattle feed) and litter (bedding provided to cattle in the farm). Compost is manure made from vegetable and animal refuse collected from domestic waste, straw, weeds etc. , dumped in a deep pit to decompose.Vermicompost is compost broken down by earthworms. Like fertilizers manures too add nutrients to soil. 6. Use of plant growth regulators Plant growth regulators are certain chemicals which regulate the growth of plants. All plants have growth regulators which determi ne how tall the plant would be, how big its fruit will be, etc. We can now add some plant growth regulators like auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid etc. to get a better yield of crops. You will learn more about these plant growth regulators in higher classes.7. Irrigation Irrigation is necessary for proper development of plants. Roots fail to develop and penetrate in the dry soil. The crop is irrigated according to its requirement and soil characteristics. Irrigation is essential during the seedling, flowering and grain filling stages of the crop. Rice crop needs standing water. : 290 : Agricultural Practices and Animal Husbandry 8. Harvesting Harvesting machines have now replaced the back breaking job of hand harvesting with the sickle and scythe. Harvesting machines cut or dig out the plant or its parts as required.The machines gather the plant parts, separate desired parts and eliminate parts not needed. Certain harvesting machines may even load the crop for transpor t. However, the above mentioned functions of harvesting machines depend on kind of crop, plant parts to be harvested, crop use, stage of maturity, etc. 32. 5 SOME OTHER DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES 32. 5. 1 Rotation of crops If you stay in a village you must have seen that the wheat crop is planted during the month of November and harvested in March and April. The rice crop is planted in June-July and harvested in October and November.The land that lies fallow in between these two cereal crops, can be used by the farmers for sowing a leguminous crop at this time. A leguminous crop does not take as long as wheat or rice to grow. So by the time the farmer has to plant the cereal crops (rice, wheat etc. ) the pulse is ready to be harvested. Leguminous crops include pea, beans, grams and pulses. They harbour nitrogen fixing bacteria in nodules of their roots (Fig. 32. 1). These bacteria convert free nitrogen from atmosphere into usable form. Thus, after the leguminous crop is harves ted, the soil is left fertile for other crops.The process of growing a different crop preferably a leguminous crop in between raising of two similar crops is called rotation of crops. Fig. 32. 1 Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the root nodules Crop rotation has a lot of benefits, (i) the land gets utilized, (ii) the pulse crop uses up different nutrients from the soil but it fixes the nitrogen from the air and makes the soil richer in nitrogen and so more fertile. This way the next cereal crop gives a better yield. If we do not practice crop rotation by growing different crops on a piece of land, butcontinue to grow the same crop, year after year, they will keep on using the same nutrients from the soil till all the nutrients in the soil get used up. The newly grown plants get poor nourishment from the soil and grow up to be weak and of bad quality. When plants are weak the insects can easily attack them and destroy them. Thus, crop rotation restores the fertility of Agricultural Practi ces and Animal Husbandry : 291 : the soil, it gives better yield, prevents crop from diseases and pests and reduces the dependence on chemical fertilizers.Multiple cropping Growing two to four crops one after the other in a year in the same field is called multiple cropping. Multiple cropping is possible, when we make use of crop varieties that grow for a short period of time. However, to get best results there must be a properly managed field. In fact, multiple cropping is the best solution for a country with food problem because same piece of land is used to grow different kinds of crops. ACTIVITY 32. 2 Here is something you can do. Visit a nearby agricultural farm or vegetable garden.Observe and note down the agricultural practices being used there. All the above mentioned practices are meant to ensure that plants have a healthy growth and yield a good crop. Along with these developments in our country we have also brought under cultivation more and more land. The increased culti vation of agricultural crops is in order to meet requirements of a growing population. 32. 5. 3 Improving the variety of seeds You must have often heard or read advertisements which encourage farmers to buy new and better varieties of seeds.Some of these new varieties are resistant to diseases and give a very good crop. Some of the improved high-yielding crop varieties which our scientists have developed are given in table 32. 2. Table 32. 2 Improved high-yielding varieties of crops Crop Rice Wheat Maize Lady’s finger (Bhindi) Brinjal Variety I R-8, Jaya, Padma, Bala Sarbati sonara, Sonalika, Kalyan sona, Hira-moti, RR-21 and UP 301 Ganga 101, Rankit and Deccan hybrid Pusa savani Pusa purple, Pusa kranti and Muktabeshi Do you know what name is given to scientists who develop such new varieties of seeds?They are called plant breeders. Plant breeders have not only raised better quality seeds but also better quality fruits. Mango has been named the ‘king of fruits’ and in our country we grow many varieties of mangoes. Some of them are Alphonse, Langra, Chausa, Saroli, Dussehri, Himsagar, Safeda, Sinduri, Mulgoba, Amini. 32. 6 PROTECTION OF CROPS IN THE FIELD As crops grow in the field, they have to be protected such that they produce a healthy yield. The weeds growing along with crops have to be removed and growing crops have to be saved from the attack of pests especially insects pests.