Impact of Emotion in the Workplace-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss about the Centralization and decentralization and Its focal points and Disadvantages to the Organization. 2.Discuss about the Impact of Positive and Negative feeling in the work environment. 3.Discuss about the Importace of Communication in an Organization. Answers: 1.Centralization and decentralization are one of the key components of hierarchical structure being followed in the business associations. Centralization and decentralization alludes to two inverse methodologies of the authoritative structure (Schmitt et al. 2015). Centralization alludes to the framework, where various leveled structure is being kept up through and through of the authoritative inward partners. Besides, the correspondence approach of this structure is principally top down. This is because of the explanation that, on account of the unified structure, the top level supervisors takes the significant choices and is being trailed by the subordinates. One the other hand, decentralized methodology alludes to the framework where chain of importance among the inner partners isn't being kept up. Dynamic procedure includes the suppositions and recommendations of the subordinates additionally (Lunenburg 2012). Diverse administrative levels are being kept up in this methodology, which are having more impact and force in the hierarchical procedure. Focal points of centralization Legitimate correspondence of the authoritative crucial vision to the representatives. This is because of the explanation that, for this situation, subordinates will undoubtedly follow to their bosses. In this manner, in the hour of any hierarchical disturbance, directors will have more control in coordinating the workers. Hindrances of centralization Correspondence is just top down and uneven. In this manner, the assessments of the workers are not being imparted to the bosses, which may present issues in the representative commitment. Preferences of decentralization More connection between the bosses and subordinates. Consequently, the representatives will be progressively persuaded and occupied with their work environment. Besides, the administrative levels will have better comprehension of the prerequisite of the representatives. Impediments of decentralization Absence of heading of the chiefs over their subordinates. Also, dynamic procedure will confront trouble because of the age of various perspectives from all the inside partners. 2.Emotion alludes to the joy and disappointment of a person towards a specific occasion. Feelings are being produced as the results or result of any occasions (Zaki and Williams 2013). On account of the business associations, feelings of the workers are essential to decide because of the explanation that, it decides their degree of inspiration and commitment in the association. Feeling is of two kinds, to be specific positive and negative. Positive feelings allude to the wonder, which persuades the people to respond emphatically. Then again, negative feeling alludes to the wonder, which incites the people to respond adversely towards specific occasions. Effect of positive feeling in the working environment Energy is a positive feeling, which can be valuable for the association. This is because of the explanation that, the greater fervor will be have with the representatives in the work environment, the more intrigued and drew in will be the representatives to perform. Commencement of energy among the representatives will assist with decreasing the repetitiveness of them in their work environment alongside upgrading the degree of inspiration (Laschinger et al. 2014). Energized workers will be available to new thoughts and approaches and will consistently be keen on inventive reasoning. Effect of negative feeling in the work environment Dread is one of the key negative feelings for the representatives in their work environment. This will likewise act danger for the association like an entirety. This is because of the explanation that, if the representatives are in dread about something, for example, dread of end or dread of authoritative weight, at that point it will diminish the profitability of the workers (Lerner et al. 2012). In the event that the representatives are in the consistent dread of end, at that point they won't take part in creative reasoning, rather they will just observe the principles in their working environment. In this manner the age of the imaginative thoughts among the workers will be influenced and the authoritative profitability will get diminished. 3.Communication is one of the key qualities of a powerful group. Correspondence alludes to the assurance of the prerequisite and assessment of others alongside passing on the assessments of own. It is one of the key components of collaboration because of the explanation that, correspondence process in the group helps in upgrading the relationship among the colleagues (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). Besides, with the assistance of the viable correspondence process, group pioneer will have the thought regarding the necessity and desire for the colleagues alongside assurance of the individual supposition and recommendation of the individuals. Then again compelling correspondence procedure will help the colleagues to have the comprehension of what the group chief is anticipating from them. Likewise, the vision of the pioneer will be adequately passed on to the individuals just with the assistance of the correspondence procedure (Rajhans 2012). The key thought process of collaboration is to altogether accomplish the pre-decided destinations. Accordingly, viable correspondence procedure will assist with improving the cooperation among the colleagues. The more successful will be the correspondence procedure among the colleagues, the more common comprehension and collaboration will be there among the colleagues. Powerful correspondence is likewise significant for starting better work space because of the explanation that, in the work environment additionally, network between the inward partners is significant. It is significant for the administrators to decide the necessity and complaints of their subordinates so as to adequately drive their efficiency. Along these lines, with the assistance of the viable correspondence process, they will have the option to decide the necessity and complaints of the representatives (Hebdon and Noh 2013). Then again, workers will be increasingly persuaded in the event that they have compelling correspondence procedure to pass on their complaints and get explained as needs be. Besides, with the assistance of the correspondence procedure, they will have the option to have the reasonable thought regarding their jobs in the association. References Hebdon, R. what's more, Noh, S.C., 2013. A hypothesis of work environment struggle improvement: from complaints to strikes.New structures and articulations of contention at work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.26-47. Laschinger, H.K.S., Wong, C.A., Cummings, G.G. furthermore, Grau, A.L., 2014. Resounding initiative and working environment strengthening: The estimation of positive authoritative societies in decreasing working environment incivility.Nursing Economics,32(1), p.5. Lerner, D., Adler, D., Hermann, R.C., Chang, H., Ludman, E.J., Greenhill, A., Perch, K., McPeck, W.C. also, Rogers, W.H., 2012. Effect of a work-concentrated mediation on the profitability and manifestations of representatives with depression.Journal of word related and ecological medicine,54(2), p.128. Lunenburg, F.C., 2012. Authoritative structure: Mintzbergs framework.International diary of insightful, scholarly, savvy diversity,14(1), pp.1-8. Rajhans, K., 2012. Viable authoritative correspondence: A key to representative inspiration and performance.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.81-85. Schmitt, A.J., Sun, S.A., Snyder, L.V. also, Shen, Z.J.M., 2015. Centralization versus decentralization: Risk pooling, chance broadening, and flexibly chain disruptions.Omega,52, pp.201-212. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of authoritative correspondence. Pearson. Zaki, J. also, Williams, W.C., 2013. Relational feeling regulation.Emotion,13(5), p.803.

Southern Sudan Referendum

Chapter by chapter list Introduction The Referendum Process Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Southern Sudan is as of now leading a choice and the democratic exercise has been booked to run from January fifth to fifteenth 2011. The submission is being directed after an accord between the North and the South on the modalities of intensity sharing between the two squares had been set (The Kansas City Star).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Southern Sudan Referendum explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The out happen to the choice will decide if the Southern Sudan residents will pick up their autonomy, that they have battled for throughout the most recent couple of decades, or keep being a piece of Sudan (The Kansas City Star). The activity has pulled in an extraordinary global consideration described by a high nearness of universal representatives and columnists who are definitely watching the procedure. The Referendum Process The Southern Sudanes e residents have shown an incredible feeling of patriotism since the start of the removing exercise by turning in enormous numbers to cast a ballot in different surveying communities (The Kansas City Star). The surveying places have additionally been stretched out to neighboring nations like Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda among different districts which have a significant number of Sudan residents. This is intended to give the Southern Sudan residents in these nations an opportunity to take part in the activity. As per the Kansas City news paper report on Sudan submission, the Sudan government and its gathering are prepared to assent the result of the choice. This remark was made by Ibrahim Ghandour and it has decreased the theory that the legislature would most likely repudiate the consequences of the choice (The Kansas City Star). Then again, Omar al-Bashir who is the present leader of Sudan has anyway had blended responses about the procedure saying that it would potentially bargain harmony between the Northern and Southern Sudan areas. By the by, he has guaranteed that as long as the entire procedure is led decently the Southern Sudan square will be liberated to be self-sufficient (The Kansas City Star). Despite the fact that the choice is being done in different pieces of Southern Sudan, the fervently challenged Abeyi district which is prominently known for having rich stores of oil â€Å"the dark gold† has really been forgotten about in the submission race because of uncertain private and outline debates (The Kansas City Star). The Abeyi locale was to have an equal submission simultaneously to decide whether it ought to be a piece of the South or the North. In any case, this has been racked until the referenced debates are approved. Instances of raising viciousness have been as of late detailed in this area inferable from the present high political temperature in the locale (Garang). It has likewise been accounted for that Northern volunteer army bunc hes have been lynching the southerners along the outskirt of Khartoum (Garang).Advertising Looking for article on correspondences media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The US government has promised to give the present Sudan government which works from Khartoum wonderful motivating forces should it acknowledge the result of the procedure (Garang). The news paper report has additionally uncovered that near 2,000,000 lives have been guaranteed since the start of the contention between the North and the South which has now gone on for well more than two decades. On the off chance that Southern Sudan picks up autonomy, it will bring under its influence a huge domain with rich oil stores and this can best clarify why the Northerners have consistently been hesitant to isolate from the Southerners (The Kansas City Star). The expulsion of Sudan from the record of nations that subsidize fear mongers and renegades is probably going to begin once they acknowledge the result of the submission. End Until the conclusive outcomes of the choice will have been discharged in a couple of days to come, one can't offer definitive comment that the Southerners have picked up their autonomy. Notwithstanding, attributable to the present circumstance on the ground combined with positive media reports about the entire procedure it is clear that the result will be acceptable. Hence the Southerners are probably going to pick up the autonomy they have consistently yearned for. The Southern Sudan residents have likewise visualized better open doors should they gain autonomy (The Kansas City Star). Works Cited Garang, Joseph. â€Å"Sudan minister talks about submission, universal partnerships†. Anglican Journal.com. 06 Jan. 2011. Web. The Kansas City Star. â€Å"Sudan: administering party prepared for south’s independence†. The Kansas City Star. 14 Jan. 2011. Web. This article on Southern Sudan Referendum was composed and presented by client Isiah D. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Overcoming Self-Doubt

Overcoming Self-Doubt There used to be this side of me that questioned every action I took, every word I spoke, every thought I had. I believed everything that occurred inâ€"and aroundâ€"my life was because of my actions, especially when it came to how other people felt about me. I thought I was in total control of other people’s emotionsâ€"my words and actions determined if they were happy, sad, angry, or discontent. I eventually realized I was not in control of how others feltâ€"not 100% in control, anyway. But how could I tell the difference between when I did and I didn’t have control over how others felt toward me? Let’s examine two extreme examples. Imagine I meet someone and give him a hug. This expression of kindness and love typically translates to just that: kindness and love. Now imagine I meet someone else and say, “Man, those skinny jeans make your butt look big.”  I wouldn’t ever say that, but this action translates, without a doubt, into something completely different. Let’s assume in the latter example my intentions were somehow good: perhaps I was attempting, inarticulately, to tell the person those jeans were simply not flattering. Irrespective of my intentions with either action, each one will draw a different response. The trouble I run into is when my actions are filled with good intentions, but the person interprets my actions in a different way. When this happens, I often sit and ask self-loathing, degrading questionsâ€"What did I do wrong? How did they misunderstand me? Why am I such a moron?â€"and I blame myself for being misunderstood. Here’s where I really confuse myself: sometimes I lay in bed at night recounting my day, and I suddenly recognize I could have approached a situation differently. Other times, I lay in bed and realize I couldn’t have possibly been any clearer, kinder, or more considerate, which leads to even more negative self-talk: People just don’t understand you. You’re weird and people don’t get you no matter how hard you try. If you acted differently, maybe that person would like you. We all care about how others view usâ€"sometimes too much. It used to be one of the only things that mattered to me, but I have been able to break this habit. I have been able to feel confident no matter how people treat me. I have been able to stop giving a damn about what people who don’t like me think. This is how I did it: First, I had to recognize the language I useâ€"the way I talk to myselfâ€"is crucial. When I experience negative emotions, it’s easy to beat the hell out of myself with my words and perpetuate negative thoughts. This never does any good: negative self-talk is demoralizing and destructive. So I found new questions to ask myselfâ€"I found new ways to talk to myself. I came up with different questions. Instead of disempowering questions, I now ask myself five clarifying questions: Did I have good intentions? Did I do my best to communicate the message? Was I as genuine as possible? Was I honest in the message I was communicating? Did I consider the other person’s feelings before I spoke? These questions help me determine, in a non-destructive way, if I need to rethink my approach. If I can answer yes to those five questions, then I needn’t feel remorse or confusion about why the other person did not understand my intentions. If I cannot answer yes, I explore new ways to communicate my message differently. Second, I had to tame my cynical side. Instead of destructive language, I now say things like, Ryan, not everyone is judging you. Sometimes people have a hard time accepting the truth, good or bad. Their misunderstandings do not make them or me wrong or badâ€"it was just a misunderstanding. Maybe the next time you see that person they will be in a different mood and see things in a new light. You can’t make everyone see your point of view or where you’re coming from. When I don’t agree with someone or when someone doesn’t agree with me, it doesn’t make them wrong or bad: it makes them who they are. It doesn’t make me crazy or a moron: it makes me who I am. As much as I’d like to find a connection with everyone, it isn’t realistic. Ultimately, the only person’s expectations I must meet are mine. Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

Managing Diversity in the Workplace - 1356 Words

Intent vs. Perception. Antoinette Mayer worked for DigiSys, a multimillion dollar technology company where many of the company’s senior managers were retired military officers. Jay Strong, her boss, became very friendly in an awkward way with Mayer one day where his conversation moved from business topics to more personal conversation. As time progressed, he got â€Å"warmer† towards Mayer; seemed to encounter her more in the company cafeteria and requested more of her time under the pretense of gathering updates. After many encounters like this, she decided to do something about it so she went to the Human Resources vice president for assistance. He told her that he didn’t think she had much of a case. The company was full of military†¦show more content†¦It can occur in a variety of situations: unwanted jokes, gestures, offensive words on clothing; Transmitting or posting emails or pictures of a sexual or other harassment-related nature; display ing sexually suggestive objects, pictures, or posters. Although it may cost Bliss a transfer or loss of training, Law’s behavior should be reported because it was very inappropriate. He has been esteemed as the best in his craft, but his raunchy, unprofessional behavior is unacceptable. Is Equal Fair? Moses Wu wanted to break into the circle of senior managers at ETech. He was an early recruit of ETech’s founding partners and had been at the firm since its establishment. He had the credentials and he knew the technology better than anyone, but he felt like he was hitting the â€Å"glass ceiling† and would be destined to quietly grind out new technologies from a lab bench the rest of his life. It had been three months since he had mentioned his desires to his boss but had not heard anything. Wu was the only Asian and nearly the only employee not born and raised in the West so he felt â€Å"different† in the offices and at the company’s aft er-hours events. Wu was not an aggressive person, but he was sought for his expertise and it was well received. WuShow MoreRelatedManaging Diversity in the Workplace1043 Words   |  5 PagesManaging diverse employees in a multicultural environment proves challenging to managers; yet, increasing diversity in the workplace is very beneficial for an organization. Diverse employees will provide a wider array of talents and will relate better to varied customers. Because managers have more influence than rank-and-file employees, it is imperative that managers commit to diversity of the workforce. Dissimilarities among people due to differences in characteristics can erode companies. FirstlyRead MoreEssay on Managing Diversity in the Workplace1207 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy once said If we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools1 Kelli A. Green, Mayra Là ³pez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner2 Introduction The worlds increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are nowRead MoreManaging Diversity Within The Workplace1605 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract- Managing Diversity in the workplace requires a lot of focus, training, and time. This paper gives an insight into the world of management and how diversity plays a big part. It explores the key benefits to putting emphasis on diversity and also how not putting emphasis on diversity could hurt your business. 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How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, within the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. One of the step’s leaders and managers can take is to incorporate diversity training of the organization. Read MoreManaging Workplace Diversity Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity is a term used most often to describe the different types of race, religion, and nationalities but in today’s business world, it is used to describe the different individual behaviors of employees. Diversity is about characteristics and demographics that differ from person to person and how they affect human behavior. To understand how diversity affects the work place let us look at four types of diversity--Differences in skill and abilities, Values and attitudes, Occupation differences

Ancient Spartan Public Education

According to Xenophons Polity of Lacedaemon and Hellenica and Plutarchs Lycurgus in Sparta, a child deemed worth raising was given to their mother to be cared for until the age of 7. During the day, though, the child accompanied the father to the syssitia (dining clubs) to sit on the floor picking up Spartan customs by osmosis. Lycurgus instituted the practice of appointing a state officer, the paidonomos, to put children in school, supervise, and punish. Children were barefoot to encourage them to move swiftly, and they were encouraged to learn to withstand the elements by having only one outfit. Children were never satiated with food or fed fancy dishes. Schooling of 7-Year-Old Boys At the age of 7, the paidonomos organized the boys into divisions of about 60 each called ilae. These were groups of peers of the same age. Most of their time was spent in this company. The ilae were under the supervision of an eiren (iren) aged about 20, at whose house the ilae ate. If the boys wanted more food, they went on hunts or raids. So seriously did the Lacedaemonian children go about their stealing, that a youth, having stolen a young fox and hid it under his coat, suffered it to tear out his very bowels with its teeth and claws, and died upon the place, rather than let it be seen.(Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus) After dinner, the boys sang songs of war, history, and morality or the eiren quizzes them, training their memory, logic, and ability to speak laconically. It is not clear whether they learned to read. The Iren, or under-master, used to stay a little with them after supper, and one of them he bade to sing a song, to another he put a question which required an advised and deliberate answer; for example, Who was the best man in the city? What he thought of such an action of such a man? They used them thus early to pass a right judgment upon persons and things, and to inform themselves of the abilities or defects of their countrymen. If they had not an answer ready to the question Who was a good or who an ill-reputed citizen, they were looked upon as of a dull and careless disposition, and to have little or no sense of virtue and honor; besides this, they were to give a good reason for what they said, and in as few words and as comprehensive as might be; he that failed of this, or answered not to the purpose, had his thumb bit by his master. Sometimes the Iren did this in the presence of the old men and magistrates, that they might see whether he punished them justly and in due measur e or not; and when he did amiss, they would not reprove him before the boys, but, when they were gone, he was called to an account and underwent correction, if he had run far into either of the extremes of indulgence or severity.(Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus) Foster Sons in Attendance Not only were the schools for the sons of the Spartiate, but also foster sons. Xenophon, for instance, sent his two sons to Sparta for their education. Such students were called trophimoi. Even the sons of helots and perioikoi could be admitted, as syntrophoi or mothakes, but only if a Spartiate adopted them and paid their dues. If these did exceptionally well, they might later be enfranchised as Spartiates. Guilt may have been a factor because the helots and perioikoi often took in the children that the Spartiates had rejected at birth as unworthy of rearing. Physical Training The boys played ball games, rode horses, and swam. They slept on reeds and suffered floggings—silently, or they suffered again. Spartans studied dance as a kind of gymnastic training for war dances and wrestling. This practice was so significant that Sparta was known as a dancing place from Homeric times. From Agoge to Syssitia and Krypteia At 16 the young men leave the agoge and join the syssitia, although they continue training so they can join the youth who become members of the Krypteia (Cryptia). Hitherto I, for my part, see no sign of injustice or want of equity in the laws of Lycurgus, though some who admit them to be well contrived to make good soldiers, pronounce them defective in point of justice. The Cryptia, perhaps (if it were one of Lycurguss ordinances, as Aristotle says it was), Gave both him and Plato, too, this opinion alike of the lawgiver and his government. By this ordinance, the magistrates dispatched privately some of the ablest of the young men into the country, from time to time, armed only with their daggers, and taking a little necessary provision with them; in the daytime, they hid themselves in out-of-the-way places, and there lay close, but, in the night, issued out into the highways, and killed all the Helots they could light upon; sometimes they set upon them by day, as they were at work in the fields, and murdered them. As, also, Thucydides, in his history of the Peloponnesian war, tells us, that a good number of them, after being singled out for t heir bravery by the Spartans, garlanded, as enfranchised persons, and led about to all the temples in token of honors, shortly after disappeared all of a sudden, being about the number of two thousand; and no man either then or since could give an account how they came by their deaths. And Aristotle, in particular, adds, that the ephori, so soon as they were entered into their office, used to declare war against them, that they might be massacred without a breach of religion.(Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus) Resources and Further Reading Cartledge, Paul. â€Å"Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy.† Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 98, Nov. 1978, pp. 25-37.Constantinidou, Soteroula. â€Å"Dionysiac Elements in Spartan Cult Dances.† Phoenix, vol. 52, no. 1/2, Spring-Summer 1998, pp. 15-30.Figueira, Thomas J. â€Å"Mess Contributions and Subsistence at Sparta.† Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-2014), vol. 114, 1984, pp. 87-109.Harley, T. Rutherford. â€Å"The Public School of Sparta.† Greece Rome, vol. 3, no. 9, May 1934, pp. 129-139.Whitley, James. â€Å"Cretan Laws and Cretan Literacy.† American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 101, no. 4, Oct. 1997, pp. 635-661.

The Health Benefits of Bananas Free Essays

The health benefits of bananas http://ph. she. yahoo. We will write a custom essay sample on The Health Benefits of Bananas or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/health-beneflts-banana-092724299. html Bananas are one of the most famous common fruits amongst people of every age. Enjoyed in its various forms, bananas are eaten raw, accompanied with desserts, added In smoothies and consumed In many more ways too. Let us look at the benefits of eating this fruit. 1. It helps regulate blood pressure. Banana Is a fruit that contains high amount of potassium and low levels of salt. This combination helps to regulate the blood pressure. It reduces the risk of heart related diseases. 2. It strengthens your bones. The potassium content In bananas Is good for the health of your bones. Eating bananas on a regular basis can prevent your bones from deteriorating. Consuming bananas can also neutralize the amount of sodium In your body, which ultimately saves calcium to get washed out from your body. 3. It’s energizing. Bananas are loaded with a lot of vitamins and minerals like Vitamin C and Vitamin 8-6. Considering this fact, it is evident that eating the fruit can provide you with great energy. Pack yourself a couple of bananas to eat in the afternoon after your lunch as been digested and your stomach asks for some food. . It boosts bowel health. If you are suffering from constipation, banana is the fruit you need to pick. The fruit contains dietary fiber that aids the maintenance of the bowel system of your body. 5. It reduces stress. When you are in stress, the metabolic rate of your body shoots up and potassium levels consequently decrease. Eating a banana can thereby flush your body wi th potassium, which will automatically ease you and regularize your heartbeat. 6. It’s brain food. The potassium in bananas also does wonders by making you more mentally alert. Research shows that this yellow fruit aids concentration and hence is a marvelous fuel for the brain. 7. It’s rich in iron. People suffering from iron deficiency can resort to eating bananas. This fruit, which is rich in iron, can supply your body with the amount of iron it needs. This can also benefit you when you are suffering from an injury and require the blood to clot faster with the help of hemoglobin. It is unimaginable how one tiny yellow colored fruit can give your body numerous health benefits. Include bananas In your breakfast, lunch, snack or dinner and enjoy the phenomenal benefits It Imparts your body with. The Health Benefits of Bananas By emapiag162 http://ph. she. yahoo. com/health-benefits-banana-092724299. html added in smoothies and consumed in many more ways too. Let us look at the benefits Banana is a fruit that contains high amount of potassium and low levels of salt. This The potassium content in bananas is good for the health of your bones. Eating bananas can also neutralize the amount of sodium in your body, which ultimately give your body numerous health benefits. Include bananas in your breakfast, lunch, snack or dinner and enjoy the phenomenal benefits it imparts your body with. How to cite The Health Benefits of Bananas, Papers

Dr Faustus as a Tragic Hero free essay sample

Doctor Faustus is the most famous play of Christopher Marlowe and this play alone has perhaps made that his name will be mortal in the history of English literature and English drama. This play shows that he was of high skilled as a playwright and he could write very good drama. It is a tragedy of Doctor Faustus that is the main point of this play. Before moving on further, we should discuss about the definition of a tragic hero. A tragic hero is obviously a hero of a tragedy drama. However, this is not enough. Perhaps the first tragic hero in history of drama is Oedipus in ‘Oedipus Rex’ of Sophocles. There we could find that Oedipus in the end suffers tragic consequence but he was higher than ordinary people. This matter is very important. A hero of the tragedy should not be an ordinary man but should be some higher and extra ordinary. He is exceptional than other people. From this point of view, perhaps we can say that Doctor Faustus is a good example of tragic hero. If we look at the opening scene then we will notice that he was unhappy because he grew tired of life. He was a scholar and he wanted new knowledge. He got all the knowledge but except black magic. He realized that he did not have all the knowledge and there was something missing. So, he sought the new knowledge and he was not afraid of it. He was also not afraid of anything a deal with Lucifer and Mephistopheles. After Doctor Faustus could make a deal with Mephistopheles then he started to enjoy all the knowledge but the main problem is that instead of gaining more knowledge, he became hungry for power. He wanted to be the boss of everyone and he wanted that other obey him. This is the thing that ultimately leads him into the tragedy. This is the thing that perhaps also takes away the sympathy from the audience. I think that the main problem of Doctor Faustus is that he was proud and he was greedy. Although, he was thirsty for knowledge but in his character, there was a mixture of knowledge and power both. He was not happy along with knowledge but he wanted to become the dominant person. That is why, I think that his tragic flow was pride and thirst. He was also very proud and not satisfied with the things he got. His pride makes him abnormal and this way he wanted to make a deal with the devil despite knowing after a certain period of time his soul will be captured and he will suffer eternal damnation. The last scene perhaps disappoints the audience because there we can find that Doctor Faustus hopeless and desperate. He wanted to get back his belief on god and Jesus Christ. He regretted a lot why he made the deal with Lucifer. He perhaps wanted another chance from god. It is clear that if he got another chance or opportunity from god then he would not waste it and he would denounced Lucifer and come back into the way of god. I think that Doctor Faustus is a renaissance tragic hero. Like many other people in renaissance time, he had the desire to go beyond the limit of knowledge and religion. He also challenged religion but in the end he could not win over religion. The struggle between religion and the new class of educated people who were secular by nature is perhaps the main theme of renaissance. Thus, I think that Doctor Faustus was a renaissance tragic hero. Dr. Faustus the protagonist of Christopher Marlowes great tragedy can be considered as a tragic hero similar to the other tragic characters such as Oedipus or Hamlet. Dr. Faustus who sells his soul to Lucifer in exchange of twenty four years of knowledge ought to have some special features in order to be considered as a tragic hero. But first of all let me present Aristotles definition of a Tragic hero and then I will elaborate on each element in relation to the tragedy of Dr. Faustus. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero evokes both our pity and terror because he is neither good nor thoroughly bad but a mixture of both; this tragic effect will be stronger if the hero is better than we are. Such a hero suffers from a change of happiness to misery because of his mistaken choice which is led by his hamarcia (error of judgment). The tragic hero stands against his fate or the gods to demonstrate his power of free will. He wants to be the master of his own fate. He decides to make decisions but mostly the decision making would lead to weakness or his own downfall. Now according to Aristotles definition of a tragic hero it is time to elaborate on the clues in details in order to conclude that Dr. Faustus can also be a tragic hero according to following reasons: Firstly because Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero evokes our pity. We feel some form of connection with him because he has a sense of realism. Dr. Faustus makes mistakes which can be also all human condition. He wants to gain more knowledge that is also another part of human condition to learn and understand more. We sympathize with Dr. Faustus because his feelings are similar to other human beings at the end we really want him to repent in order to change his fate radically. We sympathize with him at the end of the drama when it is time for a farewell to his soul. Although he has done many faults but we really want God not to be so fierce towards a human being. He desires: O soul, be changed to little water drops And fall into the ocean. Nere be found. My God, my God, look not so fierce on me! Act V, Scene ii: lines 180-182) Secondly because Dr. Faustus is a well-known and prosperous character, so the reader notices to his reputation as a well-respected scholar inevitably. In Act I, Scene i ; he calls for his servants and students in his speech about various fields of scholar ship which suggests him to be a prosperous intellectual. Philosophy is odious and obscure, Both law and physic ar e for petty wits, Divinity is basest of the three, Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible, and vile; Tis magic, magic that hath ravished me. ( Act I, Scene i: lines 107-111 ) His reputation as a scholar has been mentioned both in the beginning and at the end. It is one of the clues to present Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero so that the readers would be able to sympathize with him throughout the whole drama. In the closing lines the scholars put emphasis on this aspect more when they lament about their respectful professors death. Yet for he was a scholar once admired For wondrous knowledge in our German schools, Well give his mangled limbs due burial; And all the students, clothed in mourning black, Shall wait upon his heavy funeral. (Act V, Scene iii: Lines 14-19) Thirdly because Dr. Faustus mistaken choice, exchange of his soul to Lucifer, results in his downfall. His agreement with the devil blinds him in choosing between right and wrong. In the opening speech, in Act I, Faustus tells that he is skillful in different sciences but he wants to know more. FAUSTUS. How am I glutted with conceit of this! Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please, Resolve me of all ambiguities, Perform what desperate enterprise I will? Ill have them fly to India for gold, Ransack the ocean for orient pearl, And search all corners of the new-found world For pleasant fruits and princely delicates; Ill have them read me strange philosophy, And tell the secrets of all foreign kings; Ill have them wall all Germany with brass, And make swift Rhine circle fair Witttenberg; Ill have them fill the public schools with silk, Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad; Ill levy soldiers with the coin they bring, And chase the Prince of Parma from our land, And reign sole king of all the provinces; Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war, Than was the fiery keel at Antwerp-bridge, Ill make my servile spirits to invent. Act I, scene i: lines 79-98 ) Actually the desire for learning is part of human nature but he chooses the wrong way without some sense of guilt. His hasty desire for power and honor did not allow him to repent. He was so confused that he couldnt decide on following the ways of God or the path of Lucifer. Fourthly because Dr. Faustus wanted to support his own plot to make his own decision. This aspect of his character was as a result of the Renaissance period, unlike the medieval period, the dominance of fate upon human life became as a matter of ignorance. It was time for secular matters. Therefore, the dominance of science shadowed upon individuals thought . Dr. Faustus wanted to take destiny in his own hands to demonstrate the power of free will against fate. A case in point is when he passionately demanded Mephistophilis to: Go, bear these tidings to great Lucifer: Seeing Faustus hath incurred eternal death By desperate thoughts against Joves deity, Say, he surrenders up to him his soul, So he will spare him four and twenty years, Letting him live in all voluptuousness; Having thee ever to attend on me, To give me whatsoever I shall ask, To tell me whatsoever I demand, To slay mine enemies, and to aid my friends, And always be obedient to my will. Go, and return to mighty Lucifer, And meet me in my study at midnight, And then resolve me of thy masters mind. ( Act I, Scene iii: lines 91-104 ) He did not want to be a puppet dancing to the strings of destiny, despite the fact that tragedy functions paradoxical towards human destiny. Hence according to the aspects which I elaborated on, I can describe Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero. Although he devoted himself completely to Lucifer, never choosing right and making a tragedy out of his own downfall, but I found the drama as an optimistic and didactic one. I believe that Marlowe wanted to teach Christian faith besides a chance for salvation. Marlowe uses the tragic irony of Dr. Faustus as his ultimate intention to illustrate the downfall of a tragic hero. certain type of character. In Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus, the main character, Doctor Faustus, could be described and revealed as a tragic hero, similarly to other tragic characters, such as Sophocles’ Oedipus and Shakespeare’s Hamlet may also be described as such. There are different features and characteristics, which would make these characters be considered as tragic heroes rather than another type of character. One of the features that characterize a tragic hero is that this type of character â€Å"will mistakenly bring his own downfall†, (McManus) which is referred to as â€Å"hamartia†. In Marlowe’s play, the main character, Faustus, brings his own downfall by the end of the story. In his opening speech, in Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus tells and explains the audience and the readers that he has skilled himself in law, medicine and divinity, but he wants to know more than what he knows and also know more about other things. This aspect of Faustus, his curiosity to learn and know more, may be thought of as part of the human condition and human nature and isn’t something that is seen as wrong in our society. Read more in National  «Ã‚  Greek Drama Amusing Stories Behind the 12 Words of Indian Origin That Made It to the Oxford Dictionary  Ã‚ » However, this aspect also blinds Faustus from a sense of reason and right from wrong. This eventually leads the main character of Doctor Faustus to make an agreement with the devil, which results in Faustus’ downfall. This aspect of Faustus’ character and personality is similar to Oedipus, in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. Oedipus’ pride blinds him from seeing truth, reason, as well as the difference from right and wrong, which leads to and results in the character’s downfall and to the main character of Sophocles’ play, Oedipus, stabbing his eyes out. This feature will lead to the characteristic and fact that, by doing these mistakes or â€Å"flaws†, the tragic heroes are doomed from the beginning and the audience and readers know the fate of these characters is sealed. And for the tragic hero be just that, a tragic hero or tragic character, this type of character has to be doomed from the beginning of the play, but doesn’t hold any responsibility for possessing his flaw or fault. This may be seen in Faustus. From the beginning of the play, from the time that he tells the audience and readers that he wants to acquire more knowledge and especially when he signs the, the audience and readers may that Faustus is doomed to have a less than perfect and happy ending. Much like Faustus, Oedipus’ fate is sealed when he refuses to see the truth, even when it’s standing right in front of him. Though these two tragic heroes may feel some sense of guilt about their actions, neither Faustus nor Oedipus seem feel some sense of guilt or responsibility of their flaw. A third feature or characteristic that the tragic hero should have is that â€Å"[t]he protagonist should be renowned and prosperous†. (McManus) The audience and readers may witness and see this characteristic in the main character of Doctor Faustus. Early on in the play, the audience and readers knows that Faustus is well renowned and with some reputation. Over the course of the play, there are several people, mainly three scholars, talk about Faustus, his knowledge, and such aspects of this character. The audience and readers may see some signs of prosperity in Faustus. In Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus calls in his servant and student, which reveal not only that Faustus is prosperous, but also renown. The reason for this is that people at this time wanted to send their children study would to well known people. It could also be said that Oedipus and Hamlet are also prosperous and renown. Oedipus is king of Thebes, which leads the readers and audience to assume that he is fairly prosperous. The readers and audience may also assume that he is renown, because the citizens of Thebes come to Oedipus, when the city is attacked with plague, in the prologue. Hamlet is a prince, which also may lead us to suggest that he is fairly prosperous and successful. A fourth feature and aspect involving the tragic hero is that this character must support the plot of the story, which is similar to many other protagonists. This may be easily seen with Faustus, in Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus. It is Faustus’ actions, which seem to lead and direct the plot and the entire story of the play. This is the same situation with Oedipus and Hamlet, in Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. Both Oedipus and Hamlet are tragic heroes, who both lead and guide the story and its plot. This may be also part of and applied to the human life, as most of us make our own decisions and lead and drive our own lives, much like Faustus, Oedipus, and Hamlet guide the plays they are in. A fifth feature, which is attributed to the tragic hero, is that the main character must be realistic or present some sense of realism. This may help the audience and readers relate to the character. This aspect of the tragic hero is meant for the audience to relate to or feel some form of connection with the characters and the story of the play. Faustus does have a certain sense of realism to him. For one, the main character of the play Doctor Faustus makes mistakes, which is part of the human condition and is something that every human being does. This also adds to a sense of realism to Faustus. This is the same for Oedipus and Hamlet, who also both make mistakes. There is also the fact that Faustus wants to acquire more knowledge, which adds to the realism of the play. Acquire knowledge is another aspect that is part of the human condition. Learning and understanding more and more subjects and obtaining more knowledge is part of how we can grow and evolve as human beings, as individuals and as a society. This sense of realism in the tragic hero may introduce pity. This is a crucial aspect to the tragedy genre. If the audience and the readers pity or sympathizes with the main character, this may lead to suggest that the audience and readers feel some form of connection with the hero of the play. In order for this to occur, the character must have some realistic features. This aspect of the tragic hero of Doctor Faustus in relation to the audience and readers may vary. There may be some who do pity Faustus, while other may feel no pity for this character. The same can be said of the characters Oedipus and Hamlet. Several people may feel sympathy for these two characters, while others won’t sympathize with these characters. This aspect and feature is part of the human condition and adds to the realism of the character and of the play. It is impossible to like or sympathize with everyone 1Dr faustus as a targic hero There are different views of Dr. Faustus. There may be different or varying ways of looking at certain characters and revealing them as a certain type of character. In Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus, the main character, Doctor Faustus, could be described and revealed as a tragic hero, similarly to other tragic characters, such as Sophocles’ Oedipus and Shakespeare’s Hamlet may also be described as such. There are different features and characteristics, which would make these characters be considered as tragic heroes rather than another type of character. One of the features that characterize a tragic hero is that this type of character â€Å"will mistakenly bring his own downfall†, (McManus) which is referred to as â€Å"hamartia†. In Marlowe’s play, the main character, Faustus, brings his own downfall by the end of the story. In his opening speech, in Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus tells and explains the audience and the readers that he has skilled himself in law, medicine and divinity, but he wants to know more than what he knows and also know more about other things. This aspect of Faustus, his curiosity to learn and know more, may be thought of as part of the human condition and human nature and isn’t something that is seen as wrong in our society. Read more in National  «Ã‚  Greek Drama Amusing Stories Behind the 12 Words of Indian Origin That Made It to the Oxford Dictionary  Ã‚ » However, this aspect also blinds Faustus from a sense of reason and right from wrong. This eventually leads the main character of Doctor Faustus to make an agreement with the devil, which results in Faustus’ downfall. This aspect of Faustus’ character and personality is similar to Oedipus, in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex. Oedipus’ pride blinds him from seeing truth, reason, as well as the difference from right and wrong, which leads to and results in the character’s downfall and to the main character of Sophocles’ play, Oedipus, stabbing his eyes out. This feature will lead to the characteristic and fact that, by doing these mistakes or â€Å"flaws†, the tragic heroes are doomed from the beginning and the audience and readers know the fate of these characters is sealed. And for the tragic hero be just that, a tragic hero or tragic character, this type of character has to be doomed from the beginning of the play, but doesn’t hold any responsibility for possessing his flaw or fault. This may be seen in Faustus. From the beginning of the play, from the time that he tells the audience and readers that he wants to acquire more knowledge and especially when he signs the, the audience and readers may that Faustus is doomed to have a less than perfect and happy ending. Much like Faustus, Oedipus’ fate is sealed when he refuses to see the truth, even when it’s standing right in front of him. Though these two tragic heroes may feel some sense of guilt about their actions, neither Faustus nor Oedipus seem feel some sense of guilt or responsibility of their flaw. A third feature or characteristic that the tragic hero should have is that â€Å"[t]he protagonist should be renowned and prosperous†. (McManus) The audience and readers may witness and see this characteristic in the main character of Doctor Faustus. Early on in the play, the audience and readers knows that Faustus is well renowned and with some reputation. Over the course of the play, there are several people, mainly three scholars, talk about Faustus, his knowledge, and such aspects of this character. The audience and readers may see some signs of prosperity in Faustus. In Act 1 Scene 1, Faustus calls in his servant and student, which reveal not only that Faustus is prosperous, but also renown. The reason for this is that people at this time wanted to send their children study would to well known people. It could also be said that Oedipus and Hamlet are also prosperous and renown. Oedipus is king of Thebes, which leads the readers and audience to assume that he is fairly prosperous. The readers and audience may also assume that he is renown, because the citizens of Thebes come to Oedipus, when the city is attacked with plague, in the prologue. Hamlet is a prince, which also may lead us to suggest that he is fairly prosperous and successful. A fourth feature and aspect involving the tragic hero is that this character must support the plot of the story, which is similar to many other protagonists. This may be easily seen with Faustus, in Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus. It is Faustus’ actions, which seem to lead and direct the plot and the entire story of the play. This is the same situation with Oedipus and Hamlet, in Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. Both Oedipus and Hamlet are tragic heroes, who both lead and guide the story and its plot. This may be also part of and applied to the human life, as most of us make our own decisions and lead and drive our own lives, much like Faustus, Oedipus, and Hamlet guide the plays they are in. A fifth feature, which is attributed to the tragic hero, is that the main character must be realistic or present some sense of realism. This may help the audience and readers relate to the character. This aspect of the tragic hero is meant for the audience to relate to or feel some form of connection with the characters and the story of the play. Faustus does have a certain sense of realism to him. For one, the main character of the play Doctor Faustus makes mistakes, which is part of the human condition and is something that every human being does. This also adds to a sense of realism to Faustus. This is the same for Oedipus and Hamlet, who also both make mistakes. There is also the fact that Faustus wants to acquire more knowledge, which adds to the realism of the play. Acquire knowledge is another aspect that is part of the human condition. Learning and understanding more and more subjects and obtaining more knowledge is part of how we can grow and evolve as human beings, as individuals and as a society. This sense of realism in the tragic hero may introduce pity. This is a crucial aspect to the tragedy genre. If the audience and the readers pity or sympathizes with the main character, this may lead to suggest that the audience and readers feel some form of connection with the hero of the play. In order for this to occur, the character must have some realistic features. This aspect of the tragic hero of Doctor Faustus in relation to the audience and readers may vary. There may be some who do pity Faustus, while other may feel no pity for this character. The same can be said of the characters Oedipus and Hamlet. Several people may feel sympathy for these two characters, while others won’t sympathize with these characters. This aspect and feature is part of the human condition and adds to the realism of the character and of the play. It is impossible to like or sympathize with everyone. These aspects are a few attributes and features that characterize a tragic hero. Most of these attributes may be applied to Faustus, as well as other tragic heroes, such as Hamlet and Oedipus. But, like every human being and characters that exist, these three tragic heroes aren’t perfect and do make mistakes.